EURO SYLLABUS

European basic training in veterinary nursing

© 1997, VETNNET
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission in writing from VETNNET.

PREFACE

This syllabus is developed and produced by an international partnership of vocational training centres, national certifying bodies and representatives from the profession. The development and the results were closely observed and steered by international organisations like the UEVP and a large international network of interested parties, called VETNNET. Financial support has been granted by the Leonardo Da Vinci programme of the European Union and from a budget of the involved project partners themselves 

The UEVP is an organisation of small animal veterinary surgeons throughout Europe. This organisation was involved in the development of a standard in Veterinary Nurse training in Europe from the beginning. They have made a first proposal of skills needed for a veterinary nurse. UEVP continues to be interested and involved in this topic.

Leonardo Da Vinci is a subsidy programme of the European Union for stimulation of innovation of vocational training in Europe. More specific information about the programme is available at DGXXII of the European Union in Brussels. The training programme described in this syllabus was developed in the first two years of a three year project granted from the Leonardo programme.  The third year of the project is used to verify the training centres implementing the training programme as well as verifying the practical training centres, the veterinary practices, by an international committee.

VETNNET is the monitoring network in the development of this basic European training programme. This network was launched in November 1995 with the ultimate goal to achieve a concept of a European qualification for veterinary nurse training, which are the same aims as stated in the project proposal of the Leonardo Da Vinci submission of June in that year. The first members where the initial  partners of the project. The network has extended to more than 19 members from 8 different EU-member states in less than two years. Amongst members are training institutes, certifying bodies, veterinary organisations and other interested parties. A newsletter, the official medium of the network, is issued every half year and sent to all members and various other institutes. The specific task of VETNNET in this project is to observe the progress in the project by bi-annual presentations of results in a meeting. And to assess the products. The extensive membership of institutes throughout Europe guarantees the applicability of the syllabus in Europe.

VETNNET is also the basis for extensive co-operation between institutes involved in veterinary nurse training. Various exchange programs have taken place already. Students can benefit by doing foreign studies or practical training in another country. The newsletter frequently reports about the actions through the network.

The achieved product is a basic European training programme with all minimum requirements for a assistant in a veterinary practice. The student is trained to a basic level in the most frequent tasks and is able to cope with the ethics and hazards involved in the work. The format of the training programme is modular and therefore allows integration with existing training for updates and extension. It also has possibilities of completion of an education in another institute in Europe. 

SQA, the former Scotvec, is the first institute to officially award this basic training programme with a qualification to the ‘veterinary care assistant’. The project partners and the network members are very positive towards the future of veterinary nursing in Europe.

25 October 1997
Barneveld,
The Netherlands.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General introduction to the syllabus.
		I.1. Purpose of the syllabus		7
		I.2. Structure of the syllabus		7
		I.3. Module overview		8
		I.4. Transferable units		8
		I.5. Conclusion		8
	
Chapter 1:	Units in the basic training programme.		9
		1.1.	Receptionist duties		10
		1.2.	Theatre techniques		11
		1.3.	Pharmacology		12
		1.4.	General nursing		13
		1.5.	Laboratory work		14
		1.6.	Anatomy and physiology		15
		1.7.	Reproduction		16
		1.8.	In patient care and hospital management		17
		1.9.	First aid		18
		1.10.	Diagnostic procedures		19
		1.11.	Structure of the profession and ethics		20
		1.12.	Occupational hazards, health and safety and care of equipment		21
		1.13.	Medical nursing and pathology		22
		
Chapter 2:	Practical task lists.		23
		2.1.	Receptionist duties		24
		2.2.	Theatre techniques		25
		2.3.	Pharmacology		26
		2.4.	General nursing		27
		2.5.	Laboratory work		28
		2.6.	Anatomy and physiology		29
		2.7.	Reproduction		30
		2.8.	In patient care and hospital management		31
		2.9.	First aid		32
		2.10.	Diagnostic procedures		33
		2.11.	Structure of the profession and ethics		34
		2.12.	Occupational hazards, health and safety and care of equipment		35
		2.13.	Medical nursing and pathology		36
Chapter 3:	Module descriptions.		37
			Receptionist duties		38
			Theatre techniques		43
			Pharmacology		50
			General nursing		56
			Laboratory work		67
			Anatomy and physiology		71
			Reproduction		75
			In patient care and hospital management		81
			First aid		86
			Diagnostic procedures		94
			Structure of the profession and ethics	100
			Occupational hazards, health and safety and care of equipment	107
			Medical nursing and pathology.	112

Chapter 4:	Worksheets for practical assessment.	115
			Receptionist duties	116
			Theatre techniques	124
			Pharmacology	144
			General nursing	148
			Laboratory work	154
			Anatomy and physiology	
			Reproduction	162
			In patient care and hospital management	166
			First aid	174
			Diagnostic procedures	186
			Structure of the profession and ethics	192
			Occupational hazards, health and safety and care of equipment	194
			Medical nursing and pathology.	200

ANNEX				202

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE SYLLABUS

This syllabus contains the basic skill requirements for veterinary nurse training within the European Community. The establishment of this syllabus has been closely monitored by the UEVP as an external verifier and has been developed together with partners from the profession of veterinary nurses and veterinary surgeons. The results have been presented to several European veterinary and para-veterinary bodies  as well as to training institutes from six member states of the European Community for assessment.

I.1. Purpose of the syllabus:

The purpose of the syllabus is to describe the basic level for veterinary nurse training  which should be the same throughout Europe. The content was therefore also reviewed and advised by some European veterinary organisations. The basic level will facilitate the movement of students across the EU member states and it will create the possibility to enter training in other countries.  The position of the veterinary nurse will be improved in Europe once this syllabus is adopted in many European institutes. Graduates from these institutes will find their way to work in Europe easier because the basic level throughout Europe is equal.

The Scottish Vocational Qualification institute (SQA, the former Scotvec) will award the basic level described in this syllabus with the title ‘veterinary care assistant’. It is proposed as an entry qualification to the official UK veterinary nurse training. The level is accomplishable  for  veterinary nurse training in most European countries.

I.2. Structure of the syllabus

The syllabus describes the content of the training in three levels: 
- good working knowledge of the unit
- general overview of the unit
- exposed to the concepts of the unit.
How to achieve these levels is different for each country. Some countries may teach the greater part in college some may teach it for the greater part in the practice. 

This syllabus consists of 13 modules. The format of the syllabus is modular following the Scotvec model. This format is a model for modular descriptions in more countries, as the Dutch modular descriptions have the same content but a different format.  Each module is described in a module description concerning the training outcome and requirements for assessment and conclusion. The module descriptions are included in chapter 3 of this syllabus. Most modules contain a practical task list and proposed assessment criteria.

I.3. Module overview

In the table below all modules described in this syllabus are listed. For each module a suggested study load is indicated.

	MODULE	STUDY-LOAD	
1	receptionist duties	40	
2	theatre techniques	40	
3	pharmacology	20	
4	general nursing	80	
5	laboratory work	30	
6	anatomy and physiology	80	
7	reproduction	20	
8	in patient care and hospital management	40	
9	first aid	20	
10	diagnostic procedures	20	
11	structure of the profession and ethics	20	
12	occupational hazards
health and safety
care of equipment	30	
13	medical nursing and pathology	80	

I.4. Transferable units

Some of the modules in this syllabus, and described in the above table, contain criteria that are different across Europe. These are the specific criteria concerning the laws applicable in the field of veterinary nursing. For these criteria a special transferable unit or module is to be made, which has parallel units for all countries that have a member in VETNNET. The transferable units will be described in a supplement. This supplement will be reviewed regularly to cover new countries involved or new laws applied in some countries.

I.5. Conclusion

Further work to refine chapter 2, 3 and 4 will be carried out over the next year. Methods of delivery, development of qualifications, verification procedures and details of the proposed delivery structure will be available over the next year.

CHAPTER 1:	MODULES AND LEVELS OF THE BASIC TRAINING PROGRAMME

1.1.	Module 1:	Receptionist duties.

	RECEPTIONIST DUTIES
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Maintaining manual & computerised client & case records.
	Word processing, book keeping, practice economics.		
Making appointments & maintain appointment schedules.
			
Dealing with routine correspondence.
	Relations with other employees in the practice.		
Dealing with pet health insurance, invoice & payment procedures, filing.
	Discharge medical & surgical inpatients.		
Answering the telephone.
			
Maintaining client relations
& dealing with clients.	Bereavement counselling.		
Preparing & pricing for services supplied.
	Stock control of drugs & other practice consumables using manual & electronic systems.		

STUDY LOAD: 40 hours 

1.2.	Module 2:	Theatre techniques.

	THEATRE TECHNIQUES
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Aseptic preparation of  surgical team.
			
Preparing & handling sterile instruments & materials.
	Assisting the veterinary surgeon during surgical operations.		
Identification, nomenclature and use of surgical instruments & equipment for routine operative procedures.
	Selecting instruments suitable for routine operations.
	Instruments for specialised procedures.	
Preparing animals for examination, treatment & surgery.
	Use of electrocautery.		
Assist the veterinary surgeon in providing pre/intra/post operative care.			
Use of anaesthetic equipment & anaesthetic monitoring equipment.			
The principles of different types of anaesthesia, analgesia.
	Supervision & monitoring of anaesthesia.	Drugs used in anaesthesia & analgesia.
Reasons & rational for choice of anaesthetic.	
Application of dental hygiene.
Use of dental equipment, powered & non powered.	Assisting with dental therapy.
Application of dental prophylaxis.		
Different types & uses of suture & other implanted material.			

STUDY LOAD : 40 hours
1.3.	Module 3:	Pharmacology.

	PHARMACOLOGY
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Types of commonly used:
medicines
vaccines
drugs.
	Modes of action of:
medicines, vaccines, drugs
Types and modes of action of serum, adjuvant.		
Categories of medicinal substances & restrictions which apply to each category.		Drug withdrawal times for food producing animals.	
Basic pharmacy.
	Pharmakinetics.		
Administration of oral medicines & drugs.	Administration of injectable medicines & drugs.	Effects & side effects of commonly used groups of medicines.	
Common problems associated with the administration of medicines.

	Recognition of common side effects associated with the administration of medicines.		

STUDY LOAD : 20 hours
1.4.	Module 4:	General nursing.

	GENERAL NURSING
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Major breeds of species kept as pets.			
Principles & application of disinfection & asepsis.			
Principles of disease prevention & vaccinations available for animals commonly kept as pets.
			
Nutritional management of animals commonly kept as pets.
	Effects of nutrition on disease.
Nutritional management of disease.		
Taking & recording pulse, temperature and respiratory rate. Normal values for these parameters for different species.
	Taking & recording of case histories.		
Care, normal & abnormal behaviour of animals commonly kept as pets.
	Communication of details of cases & treatment to owners.		
Disinfection of premises & equipment commonly used in veterinary practice.			
Care and use of basic equipment in the veterinary surgery.
			
Systems of animal identification.
			
Veterinary terminology including abbreviations.			
Common zoonoses in both animals & man.
	Signs & management of common zoonoses in animals & man.
		
Calming & restraining animals for examination & treatment.

STUDY LOAD: 80 hours
1.5.	Module 5:	Laboratory work.

	LABORATORY WORK
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Assisting in the collection & preparation of samples.
	Methods of collection of samples.		
Dispatching samples to other laboratories in accordance with any regulations in the country of employment.
	Preparation of the following materials for examination: skin scrapings, blood, urine, faeces.	Simple microbiological examinations.	
Type, function & safety aspects of common laboratory equipment.
	Use of automated analysers, microscope, centrifuge other common lab equipment.	Use of quality assurance schemes for lab equipment.	
Keeping laboratory records.
	Laboratory results analysis.		

STUDY LOAD: 30 hours
1.6.	Module 6:	Anatomy and physiology.

	ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
General organisation of body systems.	Structure & function of the following systems with comparative aspects including man:
skeletal system
muscular system
digestive system
heart & circulatory system
blood & lymphatic system
skin & sensory organs
urinary & reproductive systems
nervous system
endocrine system.
Surface Anatomy.
	Histology:
cellular & sub-cellular structures
major categorisation of the different cell types.

	Physiology of 
metabolism
movement
reproduction
temperature regulation.
	Elementary histopathology
cellular & sub-cellular structures
major categorisation of the different cell types.

STUDY LOAD: 80 hours

1.7.	Module 7:	Reproduction.

	REPRODUCTION
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Major reproductive & life parameters of all species 
commonly kept as pets.
		Elementary genetics.	
Management of the pregnant animal.	Problems associated with pregnancy.		
Normal parturition.	Problems associated with parturition.		
Post natal care.	Care of the orphaned animal.		

STUDY LOAD: 20 hours

1.8.	Module 8:	In patient care and hospital management.

	IN PATIENT CARE & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
		
Good working knowledge
	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Care of hospitalised medical patients.
	Treatment of hospitalised medical patients.		
Routine & therapeutic bathing & coat care.
			
Management of facilities for keeping companion animals as in-patients.	Construction details of facilities for keeping companion animals as in-patients.
		
Caring & responsible attitude to patients.
	Various techniques for patient comfort.	Advantages & disadvantages of physiotherapy and alternative therapies.	

STUDY LOAD: 40 hours

1.9.	Module 9:	First aid.

	FIRST AID
		
Good working knowledge
	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Haemorrhage control.
			
Recognising urgent conditions in animals.
	Organisation of ongoing treatment.	Management of critical care patients.	
Transporting sick & injured animals safely.
			
Basic first aid treatment for shock .
	Principles of fluid therapy.		
Different types of bandages & dressings, their features and indications for use.
			
Application of simple bandages & dressings.
	Assistance with application of other bandages.		

STUDY LOAD: 20 hours

1.10.	Module 10:	Diagnostic procedures.

	DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
		
Good working knowledge
	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Function of diagnostic equipment,  including radiography equipment.	Use of diagnostic equipment.

	Identification of errors in equipment function, identification of abnormal results, including radiography equipment.		
	Use of ecg’s, endoscopes ultrasound equipment.		
Specific safety requirements for radiography.	Use of X-Ray generators.		
Assisting with radiography including basic positioning.
	Assisting with other imaging systems.		
Use of manual & automatic film processing.
	Use of  common contrast media.	Use of specialised contrast media.	

STUDY LOAD: 20 hours

1.11.	Module 11:	Structure of the profession and ethics.

	STRUCTURE OF THE    PROFESSION
AND ETHICS		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to the concept	
General understanding of the structure, management & function of the veterinary profession at a practice level.	Knowledge of specialist areas in the veterinary profession and how this varies in different countries.		
Legal instruments pertaining to employment.
		Rational & economic use of energy.
	
General overview of statutory instruments relating to 
Veterinary Surgeons
Veterinary Nursing
Medicines
Employment
	General knowledge of the statutory instruments relating to the Veterinary profession.	General principles of environmental protection & how they are applied to veterinary science.	
Classification of notifiable diseases of animals kept as pets in country of residence.
	Notifiable diseases in other species and other European countries.		
Procedures allowed to be performed by qualified veterinary nurses in each country.
			
Procedures which are not allowed to be carried out by a veterinary nurse.
	Implications of data protection legislation.

STUDY LOAD: 20 hours
1.12.	Module 12: Occupational hazards, health and safety, care of equipment.

	OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS HEALTH & SAFETY
CARE OF EQUIPMENT		
Good working knowledge 	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Personal hygiene with particular reference to zoonoses.
			
Practice hygiene with particular reference to animal diseases.	Preventative medicine & disease prophylaxis in animals & man.		
Procedures for bites & scratches 
			
Requirement for protective clothing.
			
Safety when using sterilisation  equipment used in veterinary practice.
			
Prevention of accidents & safe working practices.
			
Fire prevention, precautions & control.			
Radiation control, containment & protection.			
Safe waste storage & correct disposal including cadavers & clinical waste.
			
Physical principles of the way the following items of equipment work as well as their use cleaning & maintenance.
safety aspects of:
			
x-ray film processors
Anaesthetic equipment
Anaesthetic monitoring equipment
Powered & non powered dental instruments
Microscope.	X-ray generators
Endoscopes
Electrocardiographs
Electrocautery
Ultrasonographic imaging equipment
Laboratory analyser.		

STUDY LOAD: 30 hours

1.13.	Module 13:	Medical nursing and pathology.

	MEDICAL
  NURSING & PATHOLOGY
		
Good working knowledge	General overview at this level	Exposed to concepts	
Names & causes of common disease conditions found in veterinary practice in the country of residence.	Categorisation of disease
Pathogenesis of disease
Contagion & infection
Epidemiology.
		
Principles of pathogenesis &  principles of treatment of the following conditions
Ecto & endo parasite infestation
Inflammation
Thermal injuries,
Trauma including fractures.	Principles of pathogenesis & treatment of the following conditions:
Poisoning: pet animals
Shock & fluid therapy
Anaemia
Gastro intestinal disturbance
Cancer
Dental disease.
	Principles of pathogenesis & treatment of the following conditions:
Common conditions of major body systems.
Hypersensitivity.	

STUDY LOAD: 80 hours

CHAPTER 2:	PRACTICAL TASK LISTS

2.1.	Practical task list module 1: Receptionist duties.

1.	Make a client record.

2.	Make an appointment schedule.

3.	Deal with payment procedures.

4.	Deal with telephone enquiries.

2.2.	Practical task list module 2: Theatre techniques.

1.	Preparation of the operating suite.

2.	Fold and pack a gown.

3.	Prepare to assist at surgery.

4.	Correctly assemble anaesthetic machine.

5.	Dental hygiene.

6.	Admit patients for surgical procedures.

7.	Preparation of the operative site.

8.	Assist with the provision of surgical equipment and materials to the surgeon.

9.	Post operative care.

10.Sterilize equipment and instruments.

2.3.	Practical task list module 3: Pharmacology.

1.	Dispense medicines on the authority of the veterinary surgeon.

2.	Preparation and administration of medicines.
2.4.	Practical task list module 4: General nursing.

1.	Cleaning and disinfection of premises.

2.	Routine examination.

3.	Handling animals.
2.5.	Practical task list module 5:  Laboratory work.

1.	Assist in the collection and preparation of samples.

2.	Pack and dispatch items to other laboratories.

3.	Examination of a urine sample.

4.	Visual examination of a skin scraping.
2.6.	Practical task list module 6:  Anatomy and physiology.

None.
2.7.	Practical task list module 7:  Reproduction.

1.	Care of the new born.

2.	Give advice to owners.
2.8.	Practical task list module 8: In patient care and hospital management.

1.	Set up a kennel for an incoming patient.

2.	Bath a hospitalised animal.

3.	Care for the recumbent patient.
2.9.	Practical task list module 9: First aid.

1.	Perform an emergency examination (emergency protocol).

2.	Perform emergency treatment.

3.	First aid treatment of fractures.

4.	Apply basic haemorrhage control procedures.

5.	Apply a simple bandage.

6.	Provide advice on basic first aid conditions.
2.10.	Practical task list module 10:  Diagnostic procedures.

1.	Radiographic safety.

2.	Assist the veterinary surgeon in making a x-ray.

3.	Develop a x-ray manually.
2.11.	Practical task list module 11: Structure of the profession and ethics.

1. 	Administer counselling.

2.12. 	Practical task list module 12: Occupational hazards, health and safety, 		
		care of equipment.

1.	Hazard assessment.

2.	Master the instructions of fire fighting equipment.

3.	Carry out waste disposal suitable for clinical waste and cadavers.

2.13.	Practical task list module 13: Medical nursing and pathology.

1.	Advise the owner about disorders including: parasitic and viral diseases; disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract, the eye and the skin.

CHAPTER 3:	MODULE DESCRIPTIONS
Module number:			1

Title:					Receptionist duties.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
The candidate must be able to carry out all the routine duties required by a veterinary receptionist.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Provide services to client at point of reception.

2.	Make and maintain practice records.

3.	Deal with routine documentation.

4.	Deal with telephone enquiries.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Provide services to client at point of reception.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The client is received into the practice and his/her requirements are assessed.

b.	The client is advised as to the action to be taken by the receptionist.

c.	Action is carried out with reference to the requirements of the patient, the practice and the client.

d.	Prepare invoice, receive payment and provide a receipt for services provided.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Requirements:
- attendance for appointment
- booking an appointment
- emergency treatment
- provision of prescribed medication
- complaints
- advice.

Action by receptionist:
- provision for required service
- referred to another member of the practice staff.

Payments:
- cash
- credit/charge card
- cheque
- account.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria. Performance evidence using cross referenced check-list with written and/or oral questioning to support the range.
OUTCOME 2:	Make and maintain practice records.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Client records are made, retrieved and maintained in a manner which is easy to update and allows retrieval of information.

b.	Appointment records are made with due regard to the case to be presented, the veterinary surgeon’s schedule and the immediacy of the animal’s condition.

c.	Practice records are made and maintained in a manner to ensure client confidentiality and requirements of data protection legislation in the country of employment.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Records:
- manual and (if applicable) computerised
- client records
- appointment records.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Performance evidence of preparing records.
OUTCOME 3:	Deal with routine documentation.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Documentation is dealt with correctly with regard to requirement for confidentiality.

b.	Documentation is referred to the appropriate person in the practice for their attention as necessary.

c.	Documentation is generated in a manner appropriate for the person or organisation being corresponded with.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Documentation:
- referral records
- insurance claim forms
- practice letters
- general correspondence
- drug stock control.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 4:	Deal with telephone enquiries.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The telephone is answered in a manner appropriate for a veterinary practice.

b.	Correct action is taken on telephone enquiries with regard to the purpose of the call.

c.	Appropriate action is taken to provide the service required by the telephone caller.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Enquiries:
- book appointments and routine operative procedures
- receive information on a hospitalised animal
- enquiries about services and costs
- personal calls.

Action:
- dealt with by receptionist
- referred to alternative member of the practice.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Performance evidence with oral questioning to support the range.
Module number:			2

Title:					Theatre techniques.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
Describing the care & maintenance of the operating theatre, preparing the surgical instruments and nurse assistant for surgical procedures.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Describe the routine preparation of the operating suite.

2.	Demonstrate the preparation required as a nurse assistant at sterile surgery.

3.	Describe the assistance required by the surgeon in the provision of pre/intra/post operative care.

4.	Identify, prepare & handle sterile surgical instruments, equipment and materials.

5.	Describe the requirements for the application of dental hygiene.

6.	Describe the techniques and prepare equipment for anaesthesia and analgesia.

STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Describe the routine preparation of the operating suite.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of the routine preparation of the operating suite is accurate and includes reference to general care, hygiene & management.

b.	The description of the routine preparation of the operating suite is accurate and includes reference to transmission of disease.

c.	The description of the routine preparation of the operating suite is accurate and includes reference to the non sterile equipment preparation.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Operating Suite:
- prep room
- operating theatre.

Management: sterility required for procedure.

Non sterile equipment:
- operating table
- positioning aids
- monitors.

OUTCOME 2:	Demonstrate the preparation required as a nurse assistant at sterile  surgery.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The demonstration is correct with respect to preparation of the nurse themselves.

b.	The demonstration is correct and includes the putting on of surgical clothing.

c.	The demonstration is correct and includes the positioning of the nurse appropriate to the operative procedure and the surgeon.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Preparation of nurse:
- preparation prior to sterile scrub
- preparation of hands and arms.

Surgical clothing:
- surgical gloves
- gowns.

Positioning: as directed by the surgeon.

OUTCOME 3:	Describe the assistance required by the surgeon in the provision of  pre/intra/post operative care.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of the  pre operative assistance is correct and includes admission  procedure and preparation of the operative site.

b.	The description of the intra operative assistance is correct and includes assistance to the surgeon.

c.	The description of post operative care is correct and includes recovery in and after theatre.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Admission procedures:
- consent forms
- information to and from the client.

Pre operative preparation: clipping & antiseptic preparation of the operative site.

Assistance:
- presentation of materials to the surgeon sterile
- presentation of materials to the surgeon unsterile.

Post operative care:
- recovery from anaesthesia
- wound management
- discharge procedures.

OUTCOME 4:	Identify, prepare & handle sterile surgical instruments, equipment and materials.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The identification of surgical equipment and materials is accurate with respect to their use.

b.	The preparation of surgical equipment and materials is correct and includes cleaning, packing and sterilisation where necessary.

c.	The preparation of the surgical equipment and materials is correct with respect to the procedure to be carried out.

d.	The handling of surgical equipment and materials is correct and includes presentation to the surgeon.

e.	The handling of surgical instruments, equipment and material is correct and includes disposal of surgical waste in accordance with the relevant legislation.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Surgical equipment:
- instruments
- surgical drapes.

Surgical materials:
- suture materials
- intra operative medication
- surgical consumables.

Surgical procedures: routine sterile and non sterile surgical procedures.
OUTCOME 5:	Describe the requirements for the application of dental hygiene.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of the requirements for dental hygiene are correct with respect to preparation of the required equipment

b.	The description of the requirements for application of dental hygiene is correct with respect to preparation of the animal.

c.	The application of dental hygiene is correct with respect to the animal concerned and the instructions of the veterinary surgeon.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Preparation:
- prepare for use
- return to correct state post use.

Equipment:
- dental equipment powered
- dental equipment  non powered.

Preparation of the animal:
- positioning
- oral preparation.

Dental hygiene: routine prophylactic treatments.

OUTCOME 6:	Describe the techniques and prepare equipment for anaesthesia and analgesia.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of the techniques for anaesthesia and analgesia is correct and includes preparation of the animal and equipment for induction of anaesthesia

b.	The description of the techniques for anaesthesia and analgesia is correct and includes maintenance of anaesthesia

c.	The description of the techniques for anaesthesia and analgesia is correct and includes anaesthetic recovery.

d.	The description of the techniques for anaesthesia is correct and includes reference to the animal concerned and the operative procedure to be carried out.

e.	The preparation of equipment is correct in respect to the anaesthetic or analgesic technique to be performed.

f.	The preparation of equipment is correct in respect to the health and safety requirements.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Techniques:
- intravenous induction
- gaseous maintenance
- infusion maintenance
- monitoring of anaesthesia
- analgesic administration.

Preparation of equipment: for techniques above.

Equipment:
- intravenous induction equipment
- anaesthetic machines
- scavenging systems
- endotracheal tubes
- laryngoscopes
- anaesthetic monitors.
Module number:		3

Title:					Pharmacology.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
There is a basic understanding of commonly used medicines, vaccines and drugs. Different types of administration, working routes, indication and contra-indication, risks in using them are known and can be coped with.

OUTCOMES:

1.	State the types of commonly used medicines, vaccines and drugs.

2.	Describe the categories of medicinal substances and restrictions which apply to each category.

3.	Basic pharmacy: dispense medicines on the authority of the veterinary surgeon.

4.	Administer oral medicines and drugs.

5.	Recognise common problems associated with the administration of medicines.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	State the types of commonly used medicines, vaccines and drugs.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Pharmacological products are correctly classified.

b.	The mode of action of drugs is correctly described.

c.	The possible side effects of drugs are correctly described.

d.	There is an understanding of indication and contra-indication of drugs. 

RANGE STATEMENT:

Classification: based on body system and/or based on effect.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	Describe the categories of medicinal substances and restrictions which apply to each category.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The formulation and routes of administration of drugs are correctly described.

b.	Knowledge of restrictions that apply to each category according to the legislation’s of the country of employment about canalisation, registration and administration of drugs.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Administration:
- systemic
- topical.

Formulation:
- oral: solid or liquid
- injectable: solution or suspension
- inhaled: gases
- topical preparations.

Legal categories in the country of employment.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 3:	Basic pharmacy: keep and dispense medicines on the authority of the veterinary surgeon.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The requirement for safe keeping of medicines is recognised and includes reference to appropriate legislation.

b.	The requirement for correct dispensing of medicines is recognised and includes reference to appropriate legislation.

c.	Health and safety aspects of handling medicines are clearly recognised.

d.	The correct medicine is selected.

e.	The calculation of the drug requirement is correct and appropriate for the animal to be treated.

f.	The medicine is dispensed in accordance with the relevant legislation.

g.	The medicine is correctly labelled and appropriate record made.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Legislation’s of the country of employment concerning:
- keeping and storing of medicines
- dispensing medicines
- health and safety aspects.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 4:	Administer oral medicines and drugs.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The routes of administration of medicines and their relative merits are clearly understood.

b.	The correct medicine and the required equipment for administration for the animal to be treated is prepared, selected and checked.

c.	The animal is adequately restrained for the administration of the medicine.

d.	The administration of oral and topical medicine is correctly carried out.

e.	Health and safety procedures are correctly observed throughout.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Routes of administration:
- oral
- topical
- parenteral.

Equipment:
- syringes
- needles.

Companion animals.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 5:	Recognise common problems associated with the administration of medicines.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Possible problems which may occur while administrating medicines are recognised.

b.	The prevention and solvation of the most common problems is recognised.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Possible problems:
- overdosage
- underdosage
- allergic reactions
- impossibilities and indesirabilities of oral administration to certain animals and/or species.

Companion animals.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
Module number:			4

Title:					General nursing.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
Describing and demonstrating general care, maintenance of health and recognition of disease in animals commonly presented at a veterinary surgery.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Describe the principles of asepsis and disinfection.

2.	Demonstrate  the procedures for disinfection of veterinary premises and basic veterinary practice equipment.

3.	Identify breeds of animals and the methods used for individual identification.

4.	Describe the care, behaviour and management of animals commonly kept as pets.

5.	Recognise development of abnormal states in animals.

6.	Handle animals in health and disease.

7.	Describe methods to maintain health and control disease.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Describe the principles of asepsis and disinfection.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of the principles of asepsis and disinfection is correct with regard to the veterinary premises concerned and the pathogens expected.

b.	The principles of disinfection are correct with respect to the use of disinfectant and antiseptic agents.

c.	The principles of disinfection are correct with respect to the relevant health and safety legislation of the country of employment.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Veterinary premises:
- reception area
- consulting rooms
- kennels
- operating theatre
- treatment rooms.

Pathogens expected:
- endo- and ectoparasites
- infectious disease agents.

Use of disinfectants:
- preparation
- routine disinfection
- disinfection in the face of disease
- disinfection to create a surgical environment.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence which satisfies all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	Carry out the procedures for disinfection of veterinary premises and basic veterinary practice equipment.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The procedures carried out for the cleaning and disinfection of veterinary premises and basic veterinary practice equipment are correct in respect to the veterinary premises concerned, the pathogens expected and the animal to be treated or hospitalised.

b.	The procedures for the cleaning and disinfection of veterinary premises and basic veterinary practice equipment are correct with respect to preparation and use of equipment and disinfectant.

c.	The procedures adopted for the cleaning and disinfection of veterinary premises and basic veterinary practice equipment are correct in respect to the relevant health and safety legislation of the country of employment.

d.	The procedures adopted for cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment are correct and ensure non-transference of disease.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Veterinary premises:
- reception area
- consulting rooms
- kennels
- operating theatre
- treatment rooms.

Pathogens expected:
- endo- and ectoparasites
- infectious diseases
- zoonotic diseases.

Animals:
- infectious
- non-infectious.

Equipment:
- protective clothing
- cleaning equipment
- disinfecting equipment.

Disinfection:
- routine disinfection
- disinfection in the face of disease
- disinfection to create a surgical environment.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral and performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 3:	Identify breeds of animals and the methods used for individual identification.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of breeds of animals commonly kept as pets is accurate.

b.	The methods for animal identification are described correctly.

c.	The identification of individual animals is correct.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Species:
- dogs
- cats
- small pets.

Life stage:
- young
- adult
- old
- pregnant
- lactating.

Small pets:
- common breeds of hamster
- common breeds of gerbil
- common breeds of rabbit
- common breeds of cage bird
- common breeds of guinea pig.

Methods of identification:
- tagging
- visual
- electronic
- tattooing
- ringing.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Oral and performance evidence in the form of observation of identification which satisfies all performance criteria. In performance criterium a, each species of animal must be covered at each life stage mentioned in the range.
OUTCOME 4:	Describe the care, behaviour and management of animals commonly kept as pets.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of the care of animals commonly kept as pets is accurate.

b.	The description of the behaviour of animals commonly kept as pets is accurate.

c.	The description of the management of animals commonly kept as pets is accurate.

d.	The relationship between owner and animals is clearly identified.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Care:
- provision of food and water
- grooming
- exercise
- dental prophylaxis.

Behaviour:
- normal
- under stress
- in good health
- in disease/illness
- socialisation.

Management: living conditions (heat, light, bedding, cleanliness).

Relationships:
- pets
- assistance animals
- commercial animals.

Species:
- dogs
- cats
- small mammals.

Life stage:
- young
- adult
- old
- pregnant
- lactating.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence of the candidate’s ability to produce descriptions which satisfies all the performance criteria.

Each species of animals must be covered at each life stage mentioned in the range.
OUTCOME 5:	Recognise the development of abnormal states in animals.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The changes in an animal’s behaviour are recognised and dealt with appropriately with regard to the safety of both animal and personnel.

b.	The changes in an animal’s health status from the normal expected are recognised and dealt with appropriately.

c.	The changes in the vital signs are correctly taken, recorded, and appropriate action taken.

d.	The advice required for clients in relation to the health of animals is correctly obtained and relayed to clients as appropriate.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Changes in behaviour:
- aggression
- timidity
- fear.

Changes in health status:
- variations from the normal expected of that particular animal.

Vital signs:
- temperature
- pulse
- respiratory rate
- mucous membranes
- capillary refill time
- state of consciousness.

Advice:
- oral
- written
- presented by self
- referred to alternative source.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral and performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 6:	Handle animals in health and disease.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The handling of an animal is correctly carried out in an environment designed to minimise stress.

b.	The handling of an animal is correct and in a manner to prevent further damage.

c.	The handling of an animal is correct and in a manner appropriate for its condition.

d.	The handling of an animal is correct and in accordance with health and safety regulations of the country of employment.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Species:
- dogs
- cats
- small mammals.

Life stage:
- young
- adult
- old
- pregnancy
- lactation.

Environment:
- kennels
- consulting room
- prep room
- operating theatre.

Handling aids:
- collars
- leads
- muzzles
- dog catcher
- cat grasper
- cat crush cage
- blanket restraint
- baskets and cages.

Handling for:
- general restraint
- examination
- administration of medicines.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral and performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria.

Each species of animal must be covered at each life stage mentioned in the range.
OUTCOME 7:	Describe methods to maintain health and control disease.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of methods to maintain health is correct and includes maintenance of body condition.

b.	The description of methods to control infectious disease is accurate for the species and disease concerned.

c.	The description of methods to control parasitic disease is accurate for the species and disease concerned.

d.	The description of the maintenance of health and problems associated with breeding is correct.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Maintenance of body condition:
- bathing
- grooming
- cleaning of eyes and ears
- provision of adequate nutrition.

Control of infectious disease:
- isolation
- vaccination
- disinfection.

Control of parasitic disease:
- prevention of infection
- treatment.

Maintenance of health during pregnancy and lactation:
- general health
- problems encountered in breeding animals.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral and performance evidence of the candidate’s ability to produce descriptions which satisfies all performance criteria and critical classes.
Module number:			5

Title:					Laboratory work.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
The candidate will be able to perform standard research involving faeces-, urine-, blood samples and skin scrapings. Sampling and keeping records of the results is also carried out correctly.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Assist in the collection of samples.

2.	Dispatch samples to other laboratories in accordance with any regulations in the country of employment.

3.	Carry out basic laboratory tasks.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Assist in the collection of samples.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The collection of samples can be carried out correctly, according to general rules of hygiene, and without contaminating the samples.

b.	Once collected, the samples are treated in a way which ensures good results.

c.	Any further preparation, necessary for research of the samples can be carried out correctly.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Samples:
- faeces
- urine
- blood
- skin scrapings.

General rules of hygiene:
- prevent zoonoses
- prevent contamination of the sample.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	Dispatch samples to other laboratories in accordance with any regulations in the country of employment.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The methods of preservation of samples to prevent deterioration is explained.

b.	Samples are dispatched to other research facilities in a way which will not effect the results.

c.	Regulations and routines about how to treat the various samples are known and can be carried out correctly.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Samples:
- faeces
- urine
- blood
- skin scrapings.

Methods of preservation:
- refrigeration
- freezing
- centrifugation.

Dispatching:
- preparation
- dispatching
- packaging.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
OUTCOME 3:	Carry out basic laboratory tasks.
 
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Function and use of common laboratory equipment is known. 

b.	Basic analysis of samples is carried out correctly and safely.

c.	Cleaning and simple maintenance of the equipment used can be carried out correctly.

d.	Results are recorded correctly.

e.	Abnormalities resulting from laboratory techniques are recognised.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Equipment:
- microscope
- centrifuge
- diagnostic sticks
- general laboratory equipment.

Companion animals.

Basic analysis:
- urine dipstick analysis
- examination of a skin scraping
- visual assessment of collected samples.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
Module number:			6

Title:					Anatomy and physiology.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
Anatomy: Description of the general organisation of the organs of the body.  Description and function of each of these organs. Study of the skeleton, muscles, joints, digestive system, the circulatory and respiratory system, the blood vessels and the lymphatic system, the urinary system and the endocrine system in domestic animal species. Certain elements of histology are approached.
Physiology: The metabolic functions are studied, the physiology of the reproductive system is approached. Temperature regulation is studied. 

OUTCOMES:

1.	Describe the general organisation of body systems.

2.	Describe the physiological functions of the body systems.

3.	Describe the basic histology related to body systems.

STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Describe the general organisation of body systems.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The names and functions of each of the body systems is explained.

b.	The function of the body-organs is described.

c.	The relationship between the organs is described.

d.	The organs can be identified on a radiograph of the body.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Body-systems:
- digestive system
- circulatory system
- lymphatic system
- respiratory system
- reproductive system
- excretory system
- nervous system
- special senses
- skin.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	Describe the physiological functions of the body systems.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The description of the physiological functions of the body systems is correct.

b.	The interrelationship between body systems is described.

c.	The maintenance of homeostasis is described.

d.	Body metabolism is described.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Body-systems:
- digestive system
- circulatory system
- lymphatic system
- respiratory system
- reproductive system
- excretory system
- nervous system
- musculo-skeletal system 
- special senses
- skin.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 3:	Describe the basic histology related to body systems.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Describe the structure and function of the main cell organs.

b.	State the tissue types found in the body.

c.	Describe the function of the different tissue types.

d.	Describe the relationship between the tissue types and the body systems.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Cell types:
- epithelial cells
- connective tissue cells
- muscle cells
- cartilage cells
- bone cells
- neurones
- blood cells.

Tissue types:
- epithelial tissue
- glandular epithelial tissue
- fibrous connective tissue
- adipose tissue
- muscle tissue
- cartilage tissue
- bone tissue
- neurological tissue
- blood.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
Module number:			7

Title:					Reproduction.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR THE UNIT:
General understanding of the reproductive cycle and the way it varies within differing species.  Describing the reproductive parameters of all species commonly kept as pets. Managing the pregnant animal. Describing the procedures which may be necessary to aid normal parturition and provide post natal care. 

OUTCOMES:

1.	Describe the reproductive and life parameters of all species commonly kept as pets.

2.	Manage pregnant animals and recognise problems which may associated with pregnancy.

3.	Assist with normal parturition and recognise problems associated with it.

4.	Describe and carry out post natal care and look after orphaned animals.

5.	Advise owners how to care for young animals.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS:

OUTCOME 1:	Describe the reproductive and life parameters of all species commonly kept as pets.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	A study of basic genetics is completed.

b.	The anatomical and physiological aspects of the reproductive system are described.

c.	The behavioural aspects of reproduction are described.

d.	The gestation period and reproductive life span are described.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Basic genetics:
- genetic terms
- Mendel’s laws
- sex linked genes
- breeding
- congenital defects.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Oral and/or written evidence which confirms an understanding of the reproduction
process and which enable all the performance criteria to be met.
OUTCOME 2:	Manage pregnant animals and recognise problems which may associated with pregnancy.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The various methods of diagnosing pregnancy are described accurately.

b.	The physical changes of pregnant animals are described and the time at which they occur stated.

c.	The changes in management that are necessary during pregnancy are explained.

d.	Conditions which may be confused with pregnancy are described.

e.	Owners are correctly advised regarding the care required by a pregnant animal.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Oral and/or written evidence which confirms an understanding of the management of
pregnant animals and which enable all the performance criteria to be met.
OUTCOME 3:	Assist with normal parturition and recognise problems associated with it.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The preparations which should be made before parturition commences are described.

b.	The signs of imminent parturition are recognised.

c.	The signs and causes of difficulty during parturition are described and recognised.

d.	The veterinary procedures which are usually followed during normal and difficult parturition’s are described.

e.	The veterinary instruments and equipment which are used during normal and difficult parturition’s are described and recognised.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.
Normal and difficult parturition’s.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Oral and/or written evidence which confirms an understanding of the management of a wide range of animals during parturition and which enable all the performance criteria to be met.
OUTCOME 4:	Describe and carry out post natal care and look after orphaned animals.

 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The changes in management that are necessary following parturition are explained (emphasis is placed on the importance of adjusting the animal's diet).

b.	The care of the neonate is described and demonstrated.

c.	A suitable regime for rearing orphaned animals is described.

d.	Owners are advised how to hand rear animals and to bottle feed them.

e.	The procedure for weaning animals commonly kept as pets is described.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Regime for orphaned animals:
- bottle feeding
- toileting
- socialisation.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Oral and/or written evidence which confirms an understanding of the management of a wide range of animals up to the age of weaning and which enable all the performance criteria to be met.
OUTCOME 5:	Advise owners how to care for young animals.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Owners are given correct information regarding the dietary requirement of young animals with particular emphasis being placed on the value of their own mother's milk during the early stages of their lives.

b.	Owners are given correct advise regarding the house training of young cats and dogs.

c.	Owners are shown the correct method of training dogs to walk on a lead and to heel.

d.	Owners are correctly advised regarding the general care of young animals.

e.	The names and administration age of the essential vaccinations which are recommended for various animals are stated.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

General care of young animals:
- bedding requirements
- grooming
- ad-lib access to water
- control of fleas, mites etc.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Oral and/or written evidence which confirms an understanding of the management of a wide range of animals from the age of weaning and which enable all the performance criteria to be met.
Module number:			8

Title:					In patient care and hospital management.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
Describing and demonstrating the general nursing tasks for in-patient care and hospital management which are required to be provided by a veterinary care assistant.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Demonstrate the care and use of basic equipment in veterinary practice kennels.

2.	Provide care for hospitalised patients.

3.	Demonstrate the management procedures required for keeping companion animals as in-patients.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Demonstrate the care and use of basic equipment in veterinary practice kennels.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The equipment for use in cleaning kennels is correctly selected and maintained in a state of readiness.

b.	The equipment for care of animals in veterinary practice kennels is correctly selected and maintained in a state of readiness.

c.	The equipment for use in veterinary practice kennels is correctly maintained with regard to disease control and non transference of disease.

d.	Any faulty or defective equipment is reported immediately and correct remedial action taken.

e.	Equipment is prepared correctly and checked prior to use.

f.	Equipment is used in the correct manner which is safe to both animal and person concerned.

g.	Waste materials are correctly disposed of in accordance with the relevant legislation of the country of employment.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Equipment:
- cleaning equipment
- kennel equipment
- feeding equipment
- bedding
- grooming and bathing equipment.

Pathogens:
- endo- and ecto-parasites
- infectious diseases
- zoonotic diseases.

Preparation:
- cleaning
- disinfecting
- collecting
- assembling.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral and performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	Provide care for hospitalised patients.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The care provided for hospitalised animals is correct with relation to their age, temperament and clinical condition.

b.	The care provided for hospitalised animals is correct with regard to their comfort and well being.

c.	The care provided for hospitalised animals is correct and conforms with the instructions of the veterinary surgeon.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Care:
- provision of food
- provision of water
- provision of bedding
- bathing
- grooming
- prevention of self trauma
- exercise.

Comfort and well being:
- provision of correct stress free environment
- correct environmental conditions for animal concerned.

Clinical conditions:
- recumbent animals
- animals with vomiting and diarrhoea
- incontinent animals
- orphaned animals.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral and performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria across the range.
OUTCOME 3:	Demonstrate the management procedures required for keeping companion animals as in-patients.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The management procedures demonstrated show due regard to the animal’s welfare and clinical condition.

b.	The management procedures demonstrated take into account the normal routine of a veterinary surgery.

c.	The management procedures demonstrated ensure that adequate animal records are maintained for the category of animal concerned and its reason for hospitalisation.

d.	The management procedures demonstrated should ensure that any abnormalities found are reported immediately to the person responsible.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Management procedures:
- provision of the correct physical and environmental conditions
- provision of content and fixtures required
- provision of food and water
- regular assessment
- checking safety procedures
- in-patient records.

Records:
- kennel records including administration of medicines
- feeding
- urination
- defaecation
- eating
- drinking
- vital signs
- recorded abnormalities.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral and performance evidence which satisfies all performance criteria.
Module number:			9

Title:					First aid.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
The candidate will be able to recognise the urgency of first aid situations, and act accordingly.
The animal will be taken care of in a way which makes transport possible, or can wait for further treatment in a practice situation.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Recognise urgent conditions in animals.

2.	Transport sick and injured animals safely.

3.	Describe basic first aid treatment.

4.	Describe and carry out different methods of haemorrhage control.

5.	Describe different types of bandages and dressings, their features and indications for use.

6.	Application of simple bandages and dressings.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS:

OUTCOME 1:	Recognise urgent conditions in animals. 

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	A brief physical examination of the animal is completed and interpreted correctly.

b.	Relevant information is obtained from the owner and can contribute to an estimation of the urgency of the condition of the animal.

c.	Safety of the animal, the owner, and personnel is guaranteed throughout the working procedure.

d.	There is knowledge about the most common urgent conditions in animals.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

A brief physical research should include:
- mucous membranes
- breathing
- heart rate
- reflexes.

The most urgent conditions include:
- convulsions
- bleeding
- burning
- poisoning
- trauma of eye and ear
- fractures and dislocations
- insulin overdose
- penetrating wounds of thorax and abdomen
- hyperthermia
- torsion of the stomach
- epileptic seizure
- paresis/paralysis
- severe diarrhoea and vomiting
- urogenital emergencies
- eclampsia. 

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	Transport sick and injured animals safely.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Safety of the animal, owner and workers is guaranteed during transport.

b.	Restraining- and transportation techniques can be carried out.

c.	Care during transport ensures that the condition of the animal won't get worse.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Safety:
- contamination
- zoonoses
- trauma.

Care during transport:
- warmth
- immobilisation
- haemorrhage control.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
OUTCOME 3:	Describe basic first aid treatment for shock.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Signs of shock are recognised and the pathogenesis is understood.

b.	First aid treatment of shock is known and can be carried out correctly.

c.	Treatment as designated by a veterinary surgeon is carried out or monitored as appropriate.

d.	The signs of injuries requiring first aid treatment are recognised.

e.	First aid treatment of injuries is known and can be carried out correctly.
 
RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Signs of shock: only the external ones.

Injuries requiring first aid treatment:
- burns
- scalds
- insect stings
- minor wounds
- fractures
- dislocations.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
OUTCOME 4:	Describe and carry out different methods of haemorrhage control.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Knowledge about different types and causes of haemorrhaging is present.

b.	Knowledge about different techniques of haemorrhage control is present.

c.	Depending on the kind of haemorrhage, the right kind of controlling technique is chosen.

d.	The complications of haemorrhage and treatment of these complications are appreciated.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Haemorrhage: internal and external.

Haemorrhage control techniques:
- pressure
- tourniquet
- stitching
- clamps.

Treatment of complications: fluid therapy and blood transfusions.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
OUTCOME 5:	Describe different types of bandages and dressings, their features and indications for use. 

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Indications and contra-indication for bandaging are known.

b.	Knowledge is present about the different types of bandages and dressings.

c.	Considering the features, advantages and disadvantages of each type of bandage or dressing there can be made the right choice in each case.

d.	General rules about bandaging are known.	

RANGE STATEMENT:

Bandages: conforming and non-conforming.

Dressings: occlusive and non-occlusive.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
OUTCOME 6:	Application of simple bandages and dressings.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Application of simple bandages and dressings can be carried out, following general rules.

b.	Problems associated with bandaging are recognised.

c.	The most common mistakes and risks of bandaging are known and can be fixed.

d.	Advice can be given to the owner about the care of the bandage.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.
Simple bandages (and dressings):
- front and hind foot bandage
- head bandage
- tail bandage.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence with performance evidence as required by the performance criteria.
Module number:			10

Title:					Diagnostic procedures.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
The function of the different diagnostic apparatus including radiography apparatus is understood.  The different apparatus can be used correctly. Malfunctions of the apparatus can be identified. Abnormal results are recognised. The basic radiograph positions relating to the animal's organs to be radiographed can be stated. Radiographs can be developed correctly.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Describe the function and usage of commonly used diagnostic apparatus.

2.	Describe the specific safety requirements for radiography.

3.	The use of a x-ray generator to obtain diagnostic radiographs is understood.

4.	A diagnostic radiograph is produced.

5.	Develop a radiograph.

STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Describe the function and usage of commonly used diagnostic apparatus. 

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Explain the function and usage of  x-ray equipment.

b.	Malfunctions in apparatus are identified.

c.	Action to be taken on malfunction is described.

d.	The necessity for usage of other diagnostic apparatus is understood.

RANGE STATEMENT:

X-ray equipment:
- x-ray machine
- x-ray films
- cassettes
- tables
- grids
- positioning aids
- protective clothing.

Diagnostic apparatus used for companion animals, other than a x-ray machine:
- electrocardiograph
- echograph scanner
- endoscope.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	Describe the specific safety requirements for radiography.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Describe the ways in which exposure of staff to x-rays can be reduced and monitored.

b.	State the conditions in which it is dangerous for the veterinary nurse to make x-rays.

c.	Understand the dangers of ionising radiation.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Ways to reduce exposure:
- lead gowns
- lead gloves
- lead protection for thyroid gland
- lead doors
- lead tables
- adaptations in x-ray technique and equipment
- warning signs and lights.

Dangerous conditions:
- age < 16
- pregnancy.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 3:	The use of a x-ray generator to obtain diagnostic radiographs is understood.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The safe operation of the x-ray generator is understood.

b.	The parameters which affect the quality of a radiograph are appreciated.

c.	The requirement for contrast media and their use is appreciated.

RANGE STATEMENT:

X-ray equipment:
- x-ray machine
- x-ray films
- cassettes
- tables
- grids
- positioning aids
- protective clothing.

Parameters:
- kV
- mAs
- individual animal
- area to be radiographed
- tissue to be radiographed.

Contrast media:
- air
- barium.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 4:	A diagnostic radiograph is produced.
	
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Cassettes are loaded and positioned correctly.

b.	Animals are positioned appropriately for taking radiographs.

c.	Exposure factors are calculated as required.

d.	Radiographs are taken.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 5:	Develop a radiograph.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The materials and techniques for developing x-rays are described.

b.	X-rays are developed.

c.	Errors in the developed radiograph are recognised.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Errors in:
- equipment
- exposure
- positioning
- developing.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
Module number:			11

Title:					Structure of the profession and ethics.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR THE UNIT:
General understanding of the structure of the veterinary profession and how this varies in different countries.  Describing the legal and ethical responsibilities of a veterinary nurse.  Recognising the procedures which may be carried out by qualified veterinary nurses, care assistants and lay staff.  Understanding the codes of conduct required by the veterinary profession.  Providing support and counselling.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Understand the structure of the veterinary profession and the specialist areas within it.

2.	Explain the legal aspects pertaining to employment in a veterinary practice.

3.	Explain the meaning of notifiable diseases and outline the procedures for reporting them.

4.	Discuss the ethical aspects of a veterinary nurse's role.

5.	Deliver comfort and counselling to clients suffering grief, loss or anxiety.
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Understand the structure of the veterinary profession and the specialist areas within it.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The structure of the veterinary profession in the student's country of employment is explained.

b.	The purpose/objectives of the most prominent specialist associations and committees which exist in the student's country of employment are described.

c	The main statutory instruments pertaining to the country of  employment are explained.

RANGE STATEMENT:

The veterinary institution of the country of employment.
The veterinary nursing institution of the country of employment.
UEVP
FECAVA
FVE.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written descriptions of the structure of the veterinary profession including its sub committees and specialist groups. This could well be presented in the form of a project or research work carried out in the student's study time.
Oral evidence which confirms an understanding of the structure of the profession.
OUTCOME 2:	Explain the legal aspects pertaining to employment in a veterinary practice.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The rights and duties of employers and employees are understood. These should include such matters as written statements of conditions of employment and employee rights regarding sex discrimination and redundancy.

b.	Health and Safety legislation aimed at protecting staff and clients is understood.

c.	The legal and cultural limitations of veterinary nursing personnel are understood.

RANGE STATEMENT:

The precise content of the range will vary from country to country but the student should have an overview of commonly adopted EU legislation such as Equal opportunities etc. and the legislation which is most relevant to veterinary practices. Included should be the legislation concerning:
- medicines
- drugs
- health and safety at work
- contagious animal diseases
- the profession of veterinary nurses.

Limitations: as designated by the country of employment.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written descriptions of the legislation relating to the veterinary profession. This could well be presented in the form of a project or research work carried out in the student's study time.
Oral evidence which confirms an understanding of the most important legislation, regulations and codes of practice.
OUTCOME 3:	Explain the meaning of the term notifiable diseases and outline the procedures for reporting them.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The meaning of notifiable diseases is explained correctly and at least one example from the student's home county cited.

b.	The procedure for reporting notifiable diseases in the student's home county is accurately explained.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Notifiable diseases designated by the country concerned.
Animals designated by the country concerned.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Oral and/or written evidence which confirms an understanding of the regulations appertaining to the situation in the student's home country ( in particular with regard to the reporting of notifiable diseases) and which enable all the performance criteria to be met.
OUTCOME 6:	Discuss the ethical aspects of a veterinary nurse's role.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Understand the necessity of not undertaking anything in relation to veterinary work except under the direction and instruction of a veterinary surgeon.

b.	The requirement for client and practice confidentiality is appreciated and is consistent with organisational and statutory constraints.

c.	The legal implications of veterinary practice are clearly understood.

d.	Practice policy is known and is always adhered to.

e.	Clients are handled in the correct manner with regard to the presenting problems and referred to another member of staff if necessary.

f.	Clothing which affords personal protection and projects a professional image is worn.

RANGE STATEMENT:
Interaction with:
- clients and the public
- other veterinary surgeons
- official bodies
- animal charities and rescue agencies
- personal friends and family.

Oral or written communication methods.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written reports from employers.
Oral and/or written evidence which confirms an understanding of the regulations and codes of conduct appertaining to the student's home country and which enable all the performance criteria to be met.
OUTCOME 5:	Deliver comfort and counselling to clients suffering grief, loss or anxiety.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The client's emotional state and circumstances are accurately assessed.

b.	Comfort and counselling are delivered to clients suffering grief, and anxiety due to the loss, injury, or ill health of an animal.  The counselling is appropriate to their needs and the type of loss.

c.	Comfort and counselling are delivered with empathy and respect.

d.	In the case of animals which are euthanised or die in the veterinary practice, clients are allowed to spend as much time as they require with the body of their animal.

e.	Clients are advised on the options available for the disposal of dead animals.

f.	Clients are advised about the possible benefits of replacing a deceased animal as soon as possible.

g.	When the clients decide to obtain another animal, advice is given regarding the most suitable animal and the sources from which one could be obtained.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Needs:
- state of grief
- cost implications
- client's perceived character
- client's circumstances
- client's beliefs regarding life and animals.

Circumstances:
- expected
- unexpected.

Type of loss:
- severe accident or terminal illness
- circumstances of death or injury
- incapacity of animal
- lost or missing animal.

Disposal:
- return to owner (options for owner)
- individual cremation
- burial
- cremation
- use of body disposal service.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written reports from employers and / or observation and reports by qualified assessors.
Written and/or oral tests and / or written case history reports.
Module number:			12

Title:					Occupational hazards, health and safety, care of 	equipment.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
Describing and demonstrating general care and maintenance of the equipment commonly used in veterinary practices, recognising the risks involved in working in a veterinary practice and adopting appropriate procedures in order to minimise them.

OUTCOMES:

1.	Practice appropriate personal hygiene procedures in order to reduce the risks associated with working with animals.

2.	Recognise potentially hazardous situations and take appropriate measures to reduce them.

3.	Describe fire prevention measures and explain the use of various fire fighting equipment.

4.	Describe and demonstrate waste storage and disposal procedures.

STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	Practice appropriate personal hygiene procedures in order to reduce the risks associated with working with animals.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The meaning of zoonotic diseases is described accurately.

b.	Examples of zoonotic diseases are stated.

c.	Appropriate vaccination for zoonotic disease is undertaken.

d.	Appropriate personal hygiene procedures are described and demonstrated.

e.	The effectiveness of various soaps, detergents and disinfectants is explained.

f.	Procedures for dealing with bites and scratches are explained.

g.	The safety clothing and equipment which should be used when working in a veterinary practice is described and demonstrated.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Handling feeding and assisting in veterinary procedures with reference to commonly
kept  companion animals.

Appropriate vaccinations:
- tetanus
- rabies.

Zoonotic diseases: relevant to the country concerned.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Demonstration and oral description of procedures.
Accurate oral description of examples of zoonoses and the effectiveness soaps etc.
OUTCOME 2:	Recognise potentially hazardous situations and take appropriate measures to reduce them.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Risks of injury from animals are recognised and described. Suitable precautions which will minimise risks are explained and where appropriate demonstrated.

b. The potential hazards associated with anaesthesia are recognised and described.  The essential safety precautions required in order to minimise these hazards are outlined.

c.	Health risks associated with the use of controlled drugs and in particular narcotics, are stated and the emergency procedures necessary in the event of a drug related accident are understood and described.

d.	The dangers associated with the use of electrical equipment are stated and the precautions necessary in order to minimise them are outlined.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Dangers which arise as a result of working with animals, animal incidents, zoonotic diseases and fomite.
Hazards likely to be associated with the day to day running of a typical veterinary practice, including hazards associated with anaesthesia, radiography, handling of chemicals, medicines and materials for the laboratory.
Hazards associated with the use of common veterinary equipment.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Demonstrations of the use of equipment.
Written and/or oral evidence that each of the above performance criteria can be met eg a written list of the potential hazards arising from handling animals which may be frightened or in pain.
OUTCOME 3:	Describe fire prevention practices and explain the use of various fire fighting equipment.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Fire precautions are described accurately (including fire sirens, warning bells, smoke detectors and fire drills).

b.	Various types of fire extinguisher are recognised and their method of operation explained,

c.	The circumstances under which various extinguishers should be used are explained.

d.	The use of fire fighting devices is described.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Fire fighting devices:
- fire hoses
- fire blankets
- sand buckets
- wet blankets.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Demonstration of the use of equipment.
Oral evidence that fire precautions are understood and acted upon.
OUTCOME 4:	Describe and demonstrate waste storage and disposal procedures.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The disposal of cadavers is described and demonstrated correctly.

b.	The disposal of body fluids and faeces is described and demonstrated correctly.

c.	The disposal of used disposable syringes is accurate.

d.	The disposal of sharps are described and at least on e of them is demonstrated.

e.	A safe and legal method of disposing of unused drugs is accurately described,

RANGE STATEMENT:

Disposal of:
- cadavers
- body fluids and faeces
- used bandages
- disposable syringes
- sharps
- unused drugs and medicaments.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Accurate oral and/or Written descriptions of the disposal methods.
Demonstrations of the methods used on a day to day basis.
Written evidence from a veterinarian confirming that the student has met all the
performance criteria.
Module number:			13

Title:					Medical nursing and pathology.

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT:
The student has knowledge about names, causes, pathology and in some cases, treatment of common disease conditions.

OUTCOMES:

1.	State the names and causes of common infectious and contagious disease conditions found in the veterinary practice in the country of employment.

2.	The principles of pathogenesis and principles of treatment of the common pathological conditions of the main body systems is understood.

STATEMENT OF STANDARDS

OUTCOME 1:	State the names and causes of common infectious and contagious disease conditions found in the veterinary practice in the country of employment.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	Epidemiology and immunology pertaining to disease is understood.

b.	Names and causes of common infectious and contagious disease conditions, connected to the major body systems are known.

c.	The most common zoonoses are known and the risks of transmission to people appreciated.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Infectious and contagious disease conditions:
- viral
- bacterial
- fungal
- parasitic.

Zoonotic diseases: designated by the country of employment.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.
OUTCOME 2:	The principles of pathogenesis and principles of treatment of the common pathological conditions of the main body systems is described.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

a.	The principles of pathogenesis of the most common pathological conditions are understood clearly.

b.	The principles of treatment of the most common pathological conditions are appreciated.

RANGE STATEMENT:

Companion animals.

Pathological conditions:
- degenerative conditions
- inflammation
- tumours
- conditions resulting in organ malfunction
- thermal injuries
- trauma including fractures
- poisoning.

EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS:

Written and/or oral evidence to satisfy all performance criteria.

CHAPTER 4: 	WORKSHEETS FOR PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT
Module number:		1

Title:				Receptionist duties.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Make a client record.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The client is dealt with in a professional way.

2.	The required data from the client are asked and documented correctly.

3.	The required data from the animal are asked and documented correctly.

4.	The reason of the client for coming are asked and documented correctly.

5.	The practice record is filed correctly.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The client is dealt with in a professional way. The client is ensured confidentiality. If the animal’s condition is urgent, only the absolute necessary data are required and immediate attention of the veterinary surgeon is sought.

2.	The required data from the (new) client are asked and documented correctly. This data should include clients name, address, private phone number and if necessary their office phone number.

3.	The required data from the animal are asked and documented correctly. This data should include species, breed, name, sex, age, colour and weight. The student should also ask about previous illnesses and/or treatment if the client has been to another practice before.

4.	The reason of the client for coming are asked and documented correctly. A short history is taken and documented. This should include detected signs of illness, the duration of the symptoms and previous treatments.

5.	The practice record is filed correctly.
PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Make an appointment schedule.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The clients are dealt with in a professional way, either at the reception or on the telephone.

2.	Appointments are made with due regard to the case to be presented.

3.	Appointments are made with due regard to the veterinary surgeon’s schedule.

4.	Appointments are made with due regard to the immediacy of the animal’s condition.

5.	Appointments are documented in a correct way.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The clients are dealt with in a professional way, either at the reception or on the telephone. Sufficient time is taken to listen to the client and asses his/her requirements. The date and time of the appointment is written down on a appointment slip for the client at the reception. The date and time of the appointment is repeated to the client on the telephone. If necessary, the student explains to the client why the appointment can not be at an earlier time. If necessary, the student tells the client how much time is reserved for the case to be presented.

2.	Appointments are made with due regard to the case to be presented. For routine appointments, the usual time is reserved (10 min.). If the student feels the case is more complicated, more time is reserved. If necessary, the student asks advice to another member of the practice staff. For routine operations, the usual time is reserved. Pre-operation procedures including any requirements for starvation are explained. Routine procedures for the operation are explained.

3.	Appointments are made with due regard to the veterinary surgeon’s schedule. The student makes the appointments at a time the surgeon is available. Some extra time is reserved every day for emergency cases. The student is aware of the wishes of the surgeon in this.

4.	Appointments are made with due regard to the immediacy of the animal’s condition. If the animal’s condition needs urgent attention, the client on the telephone is told to bring the animal in immediately. If the student is uncertain about the immediacy, advice is asked to another member of the staff. If the animal’s condition is less urgent, an appointment is made when appropriate.

5.	Appointments are documented in a correct way. All the appointments are documented either in the computer or in the appointment-book in a correct way and clear to all staff-members.
PRACTICAL TASK 3:	Deal with payment procedures.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	An invoice is prepared for the client.

2.	Payment is received.

3.	A receipt is provided for the client.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	An invoice is prepared for the client. The students makes sure that the amount on the bill is correct. A detailed breakdown is provided where required.

2.	Payment is received. The student can deal in a correct way with cash payment, credit cards, charge cards and accounts. If the client wants to put the bill on his/her account, this is documented correctly, to ensure that the bill can be send later on.

3.	A receipt is provided for the client. On this receipt could be documented: the total amount, name of the client, name of the practice and a specification.
PRACTICAL TASK 4:	Deal with telephone enquiries.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The telephone is answered promptly and in a manner appropriate for a veterinary practice.

2.	The identity of the caller is established.

3.	The purpose of the call is established.

4.	Appropriate action is taken to provide the service required by the caller.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The telephone is answered promptly and in a manner appropriate for a veterinary practice.
The student answers the telephone and speaks clearly establishing the practice name in a pleasant manner.

2.	The identity of the caller is established. The student should ascertain who is on the telephone, whether it is a personal or a professional call. If the caller is a client whether they are an established client or new to the practice.
 
3.	The purpose of the call is established.

4.	Appropriate action is taken to provide the service required by the caller.
Private calls should be transferred as required. Calls from clients where further information is required are transferred to an appropriate person. Requests for appointments and operative procedures are dealt with correctly. Requests for second opinions are dealt with according to practice policy.

Module number:		2

Title:				Theatre techniques.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Preparation of the operative suite.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The daily cleaning routine for the operative suite is carried out.

2.	All routine equipment for use in the operative suite is collected, checked to ensure it is in working order and made ready for use.

3.	All specialised non sterile equipment required for the daily operative list is collected and made ready for use.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The daily cleaning routine for the operative suite is carried out. Damp dusting of all the surfaces in the theatre using an appropriate antiseptic solution at the correct concentration.

2.	All routine equipment for use in the operative suite is collected, checked to ensure it is in working order and made ready for use. 

3.	All specialised non sterile equipment required for the daily operative list is collected and made ready for use. Equipment should include: any positioning aids, specialised heating devices and monitoring equipment. All electrical equipment should be plugged in, all equipment should be correctly placed for use.

PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Fold and pack a gown.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The student places the gown in a correct way.

2.	The student prepares the gown for packing in a correct way.

3.	The gown is packed in a manner appropriate for sterilisation.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The student places the gown in a correct way. The gown is placed inside out with the arms correctly placed.

2.	The student prepares the gown for packing in a correct way. The gown is placed on a table and is folded correctly for packing, ensuring that the packed gown will be presented in a manner which allows it to be put on in a sterile manner.

3.	The gown is packed in a manner appropriate for sterilisation. The packing should ensure that the required sterilisation indications are included where required.
PRACTICAL TASK 3:	Prepare to assist at surgery.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The student prepares him/herself to undertake a surgical scrub.

2.	The student selects correct equipment to perform a surgical scrub.

3.	The student carries out an adequate scrub-up procedure.

4.	The student prepares him/herself for putting on surgical gloves and gown correctly.

5.	The student puts on a surgical gown in a correct way.

6.	The student puts on surgical gloves in a correct way.

7.	The student awaits further orders from the veterinary surgeon.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The student prepares him/herself to undertake a surgical scrub. The student removes all jewellery and attends to his/her hair as required.

2.	The student selects correct equipment to perform a surgical scrub. This equipment could include nailbrush, nailpick and a correct antiseptic solution.

3.	The student carries out an adequate scrub-up procedure.

4.	The student prepares him/herself for putting on surgical gloves and gown correctly. The student places gown and gloves correctly prior to attempting to put them on.

5.	The student puts on a surgical gown in a correct way.  The gown is correctly removed from the table without contamination of the outside. The gown is held away from the body, arms inserted in sleeves without appearance of hands. The student positions him/herself to allow gown to be tied without having to reach round for the ties.

6.	The student puts on surgical gloves in a correct way. The student places the sterile gloves in correct position to put them on. The student takes the first glove correctly and puts it on without contamination and using the closed gloving technique. The student repeats the procedure with the second glove.

7.	The student awaits further orders from the veterinary surgeon. The student positions him/herself correctly away from the operating table, hands held correctly.

PRACTICAL TASK 4:	Correctly assemble an anaesthetic machine.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The student collects all the necessary equipment for the anaesthetic procedure to be carried out. 

2.	The student assembles all the necessary equipment for the anaesthetic procedure to be carried out. 

3.	The student checks all the necessary equipment for the anaesthetic procedure to be carried out.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The student collects all the necessary equipment for the anaesthetic procedure to be carried out. Where the anaesthetic is to be administered parenterally, it should be prepared by the student and checked by an appropriate qualified person. This would involve selection of the correct syringe, needle, correctly drawing up the anaesthetic agent and preparing all other equipment required for administration (clippers, scissors, sterile swabs, tape). Where gaseous anaesthesia is to be undertaken, the student puts together an anaesthetic machine, coupling the gases correctly. The student checks the level of gases in the cylinders and ensures both oxygen and reserve oxygen are switched on.

2.	The student assembles all the necessary equipment for the anaesthetic procedure to be carried out. A selection of endotracheal tubes is prepared. The correct connector is applied to each tube. Masks are prepared as appropriate.

3.	The student checks all the necessary equipment for the anaesthetic procedure to be carried out. Where gaseous anaesthesia is to be undertaken, the student makes a pre-anaesthetic check of the anaesthetic machine. The student recognises the colour coding of the gases. The student checks the flow meters are not sticking and checks the anaesthetic reservoir is full. The student checks the fluotec does not stick and that emergency oxygen is available. The student checks the scavenging system is active. The student ensures him/herself that the cuff of the endotracheal tube can be inflated and that the tube is in good repair.

PRACTICAL TASK 5:	Dental hygiene.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The student collects and assembles all dental equipment as necessary.

2.	The student prepares the animal for dental procedures.

3.	The student can remove dental tartar in a correct way.

4.	The client is advised on prevention of dental disease.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The student collects and assembles all dental equipment as necessary. Manual equipment appropriate for the procedure is collected and checked. Dental equipment should include that to be used in routine prophylaxis, but also that to be used in other dental procedures. Where appropriate the student should be able to assemble an ultrasonic dental scaler and prepare it for use. The required water reservoir is checked prior to positioning for use.

2.	The student prepares the animal for dental procedures. The animal is correctly positioned, usually in lateral recumbency. The back of the pharynx is packed with swabs if required and a mouth gag positioned if appropriate.

3.	The student can remove dental tartar in a correct way. Manual equipment is correctly used. Ultrasonic equipment is used in a way that prevents damage. The ultrasonic equipment is not kept in place on 1 element for a long period of time to prevent damage to the enamel. The need for the extraction is recognised and reported. Special attention is paid to the safety of the nurse, i.e. gloves, glasses and protective clothing. Special attention is paid to the safety of the animal. Water from the ultrasonic equipment should not accumulate in the pharynx of the animal.

4.	The client is advised on prevention of dental disease. The client is advised on prevention. The importance of daily dental hygiene is explained, as well as the way to apply this. The consequences of insufficient dental hygiene are explained. The student should be able to demonstrate tooth brushing if required.

PRACTICAL TASK 6:	Admit animals for surgical procedures.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The correct animal and the expected operative procedure are checked.

2.	The preoperative requirements requested by the veterinary surgeon are checked.

3.	Any required forms are completed by the client.

4.	Any further details required from the client are ascertained.

5.	Any information required by the client is supplied as appropriate with practice policy.

6.	The animal is correctly removed from the owner.

7.	The animal is taken to a correctly prepared kennel after any necessary preparatory procedures.

8.	The kennel is labelled correctly.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The correct animal and the expected operative procedure are checked. Checking should include accessing the client’s records, checking all the required details and checking the daily operative list.

2.	The preoperative requirements requested by the veterinary surgeon are checked. These requirements would include: starvation, withdrawal of water, toileting.

3.	Any required forms are completed by the client. Anaesthetic consent forms should be completed where required. The owner should be made aware of the form which is being signed.

4.	Any further details required from the client are ascertained. These could include a contact telephone number.

5.	Any information required by the client is supplied as appropriate with practice policy. This could include details of time of contact with the practice, possible time for collection of the animal, any post operative requirements (requirement for provision of transportation, special dietary management required) and the expected cost of the procedure.

6.	The animal is correctly removed from the owner. Animals should be adequately restrained to ensure no escape.

7.	The animal and taken to a correctly prepared kennel after any necessary preparatory procedures. The preparatory procedures could include toileting, weighing or administration of a premedicant. If the animal is weighed, the weight should be correctly recorded on the kennel record card. Any premedicant should be administered by an appropriately qualified person on the direction of the veterinary surgeon. Details should be included on the kennel record card. The kennel should be prepared for the animal concerned with appropriate bedding and a litter tray for cats, but in most circumstances without food or water.

8.	The kennel is labelled correctly. A kennel record card detailing the owner, animal, operative procedure, weight and premedicant.

PRACTICAL TASK 7:	Preparation of the operative site.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The animal is correctly and adequately restrained.

2.	The area required to be prepared  for the operative procedure is ascertained.

3.	The required equipment for preparation of the operative site is assembled and made ready for use.

4.	The operative site is correctly clipped and cleaned.

5.	The animal is correctly positioned ready for the surgeon.

6.	All the materials are disposed of correctly. All the used equipment is cleaned and made ready for reuse.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The animal is correctly and adequately restrained. This may be after anaesthesia. Positioning may be for the operative procedure itself or just for preoperative preparation.

2.	The area required to be prepared  for the operative procedure is ascertained. This depends on the operative procedure and the directions of the surgeon. The student should be aware of the positioning for routine surgical procedures.

3.	The required equipment for preparation of the operative site is assembled and made ready for use. The equipment could include: electric clippers, scissors, vacuum cleaner and antiseptic preparations. The antiseptic preparations should be made up at the correct strength for preoperative skin disinfection.

4.	The operative site is correctly clipped and cleaned. The student should clip an adequate area taking care not to cause any damage to the skin. The debris should be removed (vacuumed or brushed away). The site is cleaned using lint free swabs commencing at the proposed site of surgical incision and working to the periphery. The action should be repeated as necessary. The site may be finally prepped using methylated spirits.

5.	The animal is correctly positioned ready for the surgeon. This may involve moving the patient from the prep room into the theatre and giving a final preoperative skin prep or may just involve repositioning the animal as necessary.

6.	All the materials are disposed of correctly. All the used equipment is cleaned and made ready for reuse. Hair and cleaning materials should be disposed of as clinical waste. The clippers and scissors should be cleaned as appropriate and the clippers lubricated if necessary.

PRACTICAL TASK 8:	Assist with the provision of surgical equipment and materials to the surgeon.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The requirements of the surgeon are ascertained.

2.	The correct material or equipment is selected.

3.	The material or equipment is presented to the surgeon in the correct manner.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The requirements of the surgeon are ascertained.

2.	The correct material or equipment is selected. This would normally include pre-packaged surgical supplies, pre-packaged suture materials or pharmaceutical preparations which may require additional preparation.

3.	The material or equipment is presented to the surgeon in the correct manner. Aseptic technique must be observed throughout. Packs should be opened to prevent any possible contamination by the nurse or patient and to prevent contamination of the material, equipment, surgical site or surgeon.

PRACTICAL TASK 9:	Post operative care.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The immediate post operative care requirements of the patient are ascertained.

2.	An appropriate kennel is provided.

3.	The animal is removed from the operating table and placed in the recovery position.

4.	The endotracheal tube, if used, is deflated and the tie is loosened.

5.	When appropriate the endotracheal tube, if used, is removed correctly.

6.	The operative site is cleaned as appropriate and any dressings applied as required.

7.	The animal is correctly transported back to its kennel.

8.	Post operative monitoring is carried out as appropriate.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The immediate post operative care requirements of the patient are ascertained. The student should be aware of the possible problems associated with recovery from anaesthesia and be able to react accordingly.

2.	An appropriate kennel is provided. Consideration should be given to the provision of heat, bedding and perhaps a litter tray for cats.

3.	The animal is removed from the operating table and placed in the recovery position.

4.	The endotracheal tube, if used, is deflated and the tie is loosened.

5.	When appropriate the endotracheal tube, if used, is removed correctly. The tube should be removed in a downward curve.

6.	The operative site is cleaned as appropriate and any dressings applied as required. For the cleaning an antiseptic scrub is used as appropriate.

7.	The animal is correctly transported back to its kennel. Care should be taken with the transportation of anaesthetised animals and wherever possible a stretcher should be used. The nurse should demonstrate their ability to transport animals without injury to either the animal or themselves.

8.	Post operative monitoring is carried out as appropriate. This may include checking the wound site, vital signs and recovery of consciousness.

PRACTICAL TASK 10:		Sterilise equipment and instruments.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Reasons for sterilisation are stated and the differences between sterilisation and disinfection explained.

2.	Two commonly used methods of sterilisation are described.

3.	Equipment is prepared for sterilisation.

4.	Instruments are prepared for sterilisation.

5.	A set of instruments is sterilised using a hot air oven or an autoclave.

6.	A procedure which will ensure that the instruments remain sterile is demonstrated.

7.	Methods of handling sterile instruments are demonstrated.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Reasons for sterilisation are stated and the differences between sterilisation and disinfection explained. Statements regarding killing of micro-organisms and bacterial spores are required. Statements are required regarding that boiling is a method of disinfection and not of sterilisation. Boiling in water will not kill all micro-organisms.

2.	Two commonly used methods of sterilisation are described. Hot air and moist heat systems should be described.

3.	Equipment is prepared for sterilisation. Contaminants which are visible to the naked eye are removed by scrubbing with a soft brush and soaking in a suitable disinfectant.

4.	Instruments are prepared for sterilisation. As above with addition of treatment in an ultra sonic instrument cleaner.

5.	A set of instruments is sterilised using a hot air oven or an autoclave. In each case the manufacturer’s instructions must be precisely adhered to. When an autoclave is used, particular attention must be paid to its safety operation.

6.	A procedure which will ensure that the instruments remain sterile is demonstrated.

7.	Methods of handling sterile instruments are demonstrated. Instruments are handled to the veterinary surgeon in such a way that they remain sterile.

Module number:		3

Title:				Pharmacology.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Dispense medicines on the authority of the veterinary surgeon.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The correct medicine is taken from the pharmacy on the direction of  the veterinary surgeon.

2.	The right amount of medicine is dispensed and all medicines are handled in a correct and safe way.

3.	The medicine is packed and labelled correctly.

4.	The medicine is dispensed to the owner in a correct way.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The correct medicine is taken from the pharmacy on the direction of the veterinary surgeon.

2.	The right amount of medicine is dispensed and all medicines are handled in a correct and safe way. Whilst counting  tablets the students should use the right equipment and not touch any medicine with bare hands.

3.	The medicine is packed and labelled correctly. Tablets are dispensed in an appropriate packing-material. The student makes sure that all medicines are correctly labelled. On the label should be stated: date of dispensing, name of the practice, name of the owner, name of the patient, species of the patient, name of the medicine, dosage and way of administering. If the tablets are antibiotics, it should also say “finish the cure” on the label. Labelling should be in accordance with the required legislation.

4.	The medicine is dispensed to the owner in a correct way. The owner is advised about the use and storing of the medicine. A record should be made of the medicine dispensed.
PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Preparation and administration of medicines.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The correct dosage of medicine is prepared.

2.	The animal is adequately restrained for administration of the medicine with due regard to the safety of both the animal and the student.

3.	Medicines are administered orally in a correct way.

4.	Medicines are administered in the eye in a correct way.

5.	Medicines are administered in the ear in a correct way.

Medicines may only be administered on the authority of the veterinary surgeon.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The correct dosage of medicine is prepared. This would involve the correct selection of a syringe and needle for parenteral administration and any required aid for oral administration.

2.	The animal is adequately restrained for administration of the medicine with due regard to the safety of both the animal and the student.

3.	Medicines are administered orally in a correct way. The animal is handled in a proper way to administer the medicines with due regard to the safety of nurse and animal. The students makes sure that the correct dosage of the medicine is swallowed.

4.	Medicines are administered in the eye in a correct way. The animal is handled in a proper way to administer the medicines with due regard to the safety of nurse and animal. The eye cream is administered on the cornea in a correct dosage.

5.	Medicines are administered in the ear in a correct way. The animal is handled in a proper way to administer the medicines with due regard to the safety of nurse and animal. The outer ear canal is straightened by pulling the ear gently forward and downwards. The student administers enough cream in the ear.
Module number:		4

Title:				General nursing.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Cleaning and disinfection of premises.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The student considers the area to be cleaned and the degree of cleaning and disinfection required.

2.	The correct equipment for cleaning and disinfection is selected.

3.	Correct protective clothing is put on.

4.	The disinfectant chosen is checked to ensure it is active against the expected pathogens.

5.	The disinfectant is made up at the correct concentration in the correct manner.

6.	Any debris for disposal is collected and disposed of correctly.

7.	Area is cleaned appropriately with due attention to the degree of cleanliness, routine disinfection or surgical disinfection required.

8.	Area is dried and repaired to normal use if appropriate.

9.	Disinfectant is disposed of correctly.

10.Materials used are stored correctly ready for reuse.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The student considers the area to be cleaned and the degree of cleaning and disinfection required. Consideration should be given to the area concerned, the procedures carried out within that area, the possible infection present and the degree of cleaning and disinfection required to restore the area ready for reuse.

2.	The correct equipment for cleaning and disinfection is selected. This should include the correct receptacle for disinfectant, mops, cloths, equipment for removal of soiled material e.g. shovels, poop scoops, correct disinfectant for the area concerned.

3.	Correct protective clothing is put on. This should include Wellington boots, rubber aprons or equivalent and rubber gloves where required.

4.	The disinfectant chosen is checked to ensure it is active against the expected pathogens. Student should examine the product and check for the degree of infection expected.

5.	The disinfectant is made up at the correct concentration in the correct manner. Concentration should be for the expected pathogens, made up in the correct receptacle with water at the correct temperature.

6.	Any debris for disposal is collected and disposed of correctly. This should include the removal of waste food and water. Clinical waste should be disposed of appropriately.

7.	Area is cleaned appropriately with due attention to the degree of cleanliness, routine disinfection or surgical disinfection required. This depends on the area: reception area is generally clean, kennels after infection would require very thorough cleaning initially with water and then suitable disinfection, and rinsed as required, operating theatre requires all fixtures to be cleaned prior to use/reuse. Care should be taken to ensure all areas are cleaned thoroughly and areas with the potential to harbour dirt or infectious material are checked.

8.	Area is dried and repaired to normal use if appropriate. Basically drying of kennels prior to the return of animals, putting all equipment, tables etc. back after general cleaning.

9.	Disinfectant is disposed of correctly. Down waste, receptacle rinsed.

10.Materials used are stored correctly ready for reuse. Everything is put away clean and tidy.
 PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Routine examination.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Guidance is given on correctly holding the animal for examination.

2.	Breed, sex and age are ascertained.

3.	The identification of the animal is checked.

4.	The animal is examined externally and any abnormalities recorded and reported as appropriate.

5.	Mucous membranes and capillary refill time are examined and recorded.

6.	Thermometer is located, cleaned, checked, shaken down and lubricated.

7.	Thermometer is inserted correctly, and maintained in place.

8.	Thermometer is removed, cleaned, the temperature is checked and recorded.

9.	Pulse is located, rate and character are determined and recorded.

10.Respiration rate and character are determined and recorded.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Guidance is given on correctly holding the animal for examination. This depends on species, breed, and nature of the patient.

2.	Breed, sex and age are ascertained. Sex is checked by examination of external genitalia, age is checked by external features including state of teeth, coat, nails and eyes.

3.	The identification of the animal is checked. Visual or using an electronic reading device.

4.	The animal is examined externally and any abnormalities recorded and reported as appropriate. Examination should include: eyes; ears; mouth; rectum, vagina or prepuce for evidence of discharges; coat for evidence of changes in colour, presence of parasites or dandruff, areas of alopecia or excoriation and evidence of soiling; nails for length and wearing surface; body condition by assessment of development or absence of muscle and body fat; assessment of state of the teeth, permanent or temporary dentition present and evidence of decay. Any abnormalities are recorded and reported.

5.	Mucous membranes and capillary refill time are examined and recorded. Mucous membranes are examined in the eye and mouth for colour and moistness, capillary refill time is taken in the mouth. Any abnormalities are recorded and reported.

6.	Thermometer is located, cleaned, checked, shaken down and lubricated. Thermometers should preferably be centigrade. They may be mercury or electronic. Lubrication should be with an appropriate substance.

7.	Thermometer is inserted correctly, and maintained in place. Animal’s tail is held near the base and the thermometer inserted using a rotating action. It should be inserted to the length appropriate for the animal concerned and must be held in place for the appropriate time which is usually 30 seconds.

8.	Thermometer is removed, cleaned, the temperature is checked and recorded. Gently remove, tail no longer held, wipe with cotton wool dipped in disinfectant or equivalent, read temperature correctly, record temperature correctly.

9.	Pulse is located, rate and character are determined and recorded. Pulse in dog and cat taken in the femoral artery and counted over 60 seconds. Pulse is recorded correctly. Any abnormalities are recorded and reported.

10.Respiration rate and character are determined and recorded. Visual assessment only is required. Any abnormalities are recorded and reported.
PRACTICAL TASK 3:	Handling animals.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Environmental conditions are adjusted to facilitate the procedure.

2.	Animal is assessed for handling requirements.

3.	All required equipment is collected for the handling procedure.

4.	Animal is checked to ensure it is safely restrained prior to handling.

5.	Table is checked to ensure cleanliness.

6.	Nurse positions animal to prepare to lift onto the table or out of its receptacle.

7.	Animal is lifted onto the table/out of its receptacle.

8.	Animal is held for the required procedure using appropriate restraint.

9.	Following the procedure restraints are removed with due respect to the clinical condition of the animal and health and safety.

10.The animal is restored to wherever it was prior to the examination, make it secure.

11.Table is washed with appropriate disinfectant.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Environmental conditions are adjusted to facilitate the procedure. Doors and windows are closed. For birds, lighting may be reduced.

2.	Animal is assessed for handling requirements. Visual assessment of behaviour and temperament. Assessment of behaviour from the owner. Assessment of clinical condition which may affect handling.

3.	All required equipment is collected for the handling procedure. This could include muzzles, stretchers, baskets, blankets, towels, leads, collars.

4.	Animal is checked to ensure it is safely restrained prior to handling. Cats in bags/baskets, dogs with collar adequately tight, small mammals and birds in cages or boxes.

5.	Table is checked to ensure cleanliness. If not clean it should be cleaned using an appropriate disinfectant.

6.	Nurse positions animal to prepare to lift onto the table or out of its receptacle. Reference to health and safety of animal and handler is important at this stage.

7.	Animal is lifted onto the table/out of its receptacle. At no time should the animal be without adequate support. The candidate must be aware of the physical condition of the animal and make appropriate allowances to the required technique.

8.	Animal is held for the required procedure using appropriate restraint. Restraint may be manual or using the aids suggested in the range. The student should demonstrate handling for routine examination, administration of medicines (oral, topical and parenteral), withdrawal of blood, removal of stitches from a midline laparotomy.

9.	Following the procedure restraints are removed with due respect to the clinical condition of the animal and health and safety.

10.The animal is restored to wherever it was prior to the examination, make it secure. Put cat back in basket, return dog to owner or kennel, put animal back in its receptable.

11.Table is washed with appropriate disinfectant.
Module number:		5

Title:				Laboratory work.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Assist in the collection and preparation of samples.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Assistance is provided in the taking of a blood. The collected sample is handled and processed correctly.

2.	A urine sample is collected in an appropriate manner. The sample is handled and processed correctly.

3.	A faeces sample is taken correctly. The sample is handled and processed correctly.

4.	A skin scraping is made correctly. The sample is handled and processed correctly.

5.	A hair sample is taken in a correct way. The sample is handled and processed correctly.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Assistance is provided in the taking of a blood. The collected sample is handled and processed correctly.
Sterile material is prepared for the blood sampling to prevent contamination and disturbance of the analysis. Equipment to be used for the sampling is prepared before sampling.  Fasting status of the animal is verified for the most usual samples. The most usual places for sampling can be found like V. Cephalica, V. Jugularis, V. Saphena, as well as the sites for small samples. The correct site is trimmed from hair and disinfected with ethanol.
The animal is correctly held for the technique. Before sampling it is verified if the sample is needed for plasma, serum or full blood and the correct tubes with the correct additives are used. The danger or haemolysis is recognised and measures are taken to prevent it. Following collection the collected sample is correctly transferred to the appropriate tube. The filled tubes are correctly labelled. Special attention should be paid to prevent contamination with disinfectants, skin scrapings etc. After sampling pressure is applied on the sampling site.
The samples are correctly processed in centrifuge or other equipment within one hour after sampling and the final sample is made.

2.	A urine sample is collected in an appropriate manner. The sample is handled and processed correctly.  Spontaneously drained urine is correctly sampled from the mid-stream urine. Manual drained urine is correctly sampled by applying pressure to the abdomen. Attention should be paid to the ability to verify adequate filling of the bladder and the pressure applied to the abdomen. The urine is collected in an appropriate container and transferred to an appropriate storage bottle and labelled. The urine samples are cooled down to between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius.

3.	A faeces sample is taken correctly. The sample is handled and processed correctly.  Faeces are sampled from the rectum with adequate prevention of contamination. The sample is cooled to prevent parasites developing. The sample is placed in an appropriate receptacle and labelled.

4.	A skin scraping is made correctly. The sample is handled and processed correctly. Scrapings for analysing mites can be obtained in the correct way, using the correct tools. Samples are taken at the edge of the affected area scraping the skin till bleeding. Samples are placed in an appropriate collection tube and labelled or applied directly to a microscope slide.

5.	A hair sample is taken in a correct way. The sample is handled and processed correctly. A few hairs are taken from the edge of the effected area. A microscope-sample is made.
PRACTICAL TASK 2:	 Pack and dispatch items to other laboratories.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	A blood sample is packed and dispatched correctly.

2.	A urine sample is packed and dispatched correctly.

3.	A faeces sample is packed and dispatched correctly.

4.	Samples are packaged and dispatched in a manner which ensures they are leak proof and comply with any required legislation.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	A blood sample is packed and dispatched correctly. The blood tubes are correctly and packed together wit a dispatch form. This form is filled out  correctly with an history of the obvious information, in the presence of a vet. Samples are cooled to 4 degrees Celsius and packed in appropriate insulating and shockproof material.

2.	A urine sample is packed and dispatched correctly. Cooled urine bottles are packed in appropriate material and labelled. Clear information is enclosed about the animal and the owner on standard dispatch forms.

3.	A faeces sample is packed and dispatched correctly. Samples of faeces are packed leak free with low inclusion of air. The sample is cooled before sending to prevent parasites to develop during shipment. Standard forms are filled out correctly.

4.	Samples are packaged and dispatched in a manner which ensures they are leak proof and comply with any required legislation.
PRACTICAL TASK 3:	Examination of a urine sample.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Perform a visual analysis of a urine sample.

2.	Perform a dipstick analysis of a urine sample.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Perform a visual analysis of a urine sample. Colour and turbidity should be assessed without opening the urine sample.

2.	Perform a dipstick analysis of a urine sample. Correctly identify the required equipment. The student puts on gloves and removes the dipstick correctly from the bottle and recaps the bottle. The urine sample is opened, the dipstick inserted, removed and the urine sample closed.  The dipstick is read at the required times and the results recorded. All materials are disposed of correctly.

PRACTICAL TASK 4:	Visual examination of a skin scraping.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Correctly identify the required equipment.

2.	Transfer  a small amount of the skin scraping on a clean microscope slide.

3.	If required, mix with 10% KOH and leave for 30 min. before examining.

4.	Apply a cover slip.

5.	Place the slide on the specimen stage of a microscope.

6.	Switch on the light and move the condenser till it is positioned correctly.

7.	Select the 10 x eye piece and focus.

8.	Examine the slide carefully under low power before transferring to a higher focus if required.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Correctly identify the required equipment. This should include a microscope, slides, coverslips and appropriate disposal units.

2.	Transfer  a small amount of the skin scraping on a clean microscope slide. This is best carried out using a dissecting needle or equivalent.

3.	If required, mix with 10% KOH and leave for 30 min. before examining. Many samples may be examined without softening in KOH, but the student must understand the necessity of  obtaining an examinable sample.

4.	Apply a cover slip.

5.	Place the slide on the specimen stage of a microscope.

6.	Switch on the light and move the condenser till it is positioned correctly. The condenser should be positioned 2 mm. below the slide.

7.	Select the 10 x eye piece and focus. The student should focus by using the course focus to bring the objective lens to 4 mm. above the slide. Then using the fine focus should visualise the sample.

8.	Examine the slide carefully under low power before transferring to a higher focus if required. The student should examine the slide systematically. When changing objective lenses the focus should not be readjusted except using the fine focus.

Module number:		7

Title:				Reproduction.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Demonstrate care of the new born.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Immediate post partum care is administered to the new born.

2.	Immediate post partum care is administered to the mother.

3.	The care of the neonate by the mother is described.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Immediate post partum care is administered to the new born.
New born are checked to ensure that:
a.	their airways are clear of mucus etc.
b.	none have obvious congenital defects such as cleft palate, hare lip etc.
c.	their genitalia are normal
d.	they are able to suckle on an offered finger
e.	the gender of each is recognised and recorded
f.	the umbilical cord is disinfected correctly.

2.	Immediate post partum care is administered to the mother.
Following normal parturition the mother is observed to make sure that she is:
a.	cleaning each of the young immediately after its birth
b.	allowing all the young to suckle
c.	licking and toileting each one.

3.	Care of the neonate by the mother is described.
The importance of the role of the mother includes:
a.	suckling ( the young should be regularly checked and weighted to ensure that they are all feeding properly). (The importance of colostrum and the correct milk for each species should also be stated as should the fact that the constituents of the milk from each species will differ).
b.	"imprinting" of species behaviour.
PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Give advice to owners.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Owners are given correct information regarding the dietary requirement of young animals and advised how to hand rear orphaned animals.

2.	Owners are given correct advise regarding the house training of young cats and dogs.

3.	Owners are shown the correct method of training dogs to walk on a lead and to heel.

4.	Owners are correctly advised regarding the general care of young animals.
PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Give advice to owners.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Owners are given correct information regarding the dietary requirement of young animals with particular emphasis being placed on the value of their own mother's milk during the early stages of their lives.
The benefits of feeding various types of food are explained.
Advice is given regarding the hand rearing of orphaned animals.
Particular emphasis being placed on the importance of a suitable milk substitute and the correct position for the neonate whilst it is being bottle fed.

2.	Owners are given correct advise regarding the house training of young cats and dogs.
The use of litter trays for cats is described / demonstrated.
The importance of positioning the litter tray at a reasonable distance from the feeding / water station is stressed.
Newspaper is recommended as a litter material for puppies.
		Puppies and kittens are encouraged to defaecate and urinate outside at the earliest possible age.
Ideally puppies are trained to defaecate:
a. to command
		b. in a specific place, preferably on the owner's property in order to reduce the risk of worm contamination of the sod.

3.	Owners are shown some of the best methods of training dogs to walk on a lead and to heel. The correct and incorrect methods of applying choke chains is demonstrated. Various methods of training animals to respond to basic commands are demonstrated e.g. emphasising words like "sit" and "stay", and using arm and body gestures, rewarding correct responses etc.

4.	Owners are correctly advised about the general care of young animals as regards:
- bedding requirements
- grooming methods
- the need for ad-lib access to water
- control of external and internal parasites.
		Owners are advised which vaccinations their animals require. Owners are advised to allow their pet animals to become socialised by allowing them to mix with other (vaccinated if necessary) animals and humans.

Module number:		8

Title:				In patient care and hospital management.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Set up a kennel for an incoming patient.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Requirements of the patient are considered.

2.	Kennel or other receptacle is selected and checked.

3.	Appropriate bedding is selected and placed correctly in the kennel.

4.	Appropriate heating is selected and supplied.

5.	Any additional basic care equipment required in the kennel is provided and placed appropriately.

6.	Kennel record card is correctly completed and placed on the kennel.

7.	Correct food and water requirements are determined by referring to the appropriate person.
 
8.	Appropriate food and water receptacles are located.

9.	Time of required feeding is ascertained.

10.	At correct time, food and water are prepared as directed and supplied to the animal.

11.	The kennel record card is correctly completed for these procedures.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Requirements of the patient are considered. Student should consider: Species, age, breed & temperament of patient; day patient/long-term stay; well patient admitted for elective procedure/ill patient requiring hospitalisation & treatment.

2.	Kennel or other receptacle is selected. Selection should be based on all the criteria above, also the size of the patient and the possible requirement for the availability to provide specialised equipment. Kennel or equivalent should be checked to ensure it is clean, safe and can be made escape proof.

3.	Appropriate bedding is selected and placed correctly in the kennel. Selection of bedding should be based on the criteria above also the clinical condition of the animal. Where appropriate the candidate should request information from the assessor as to the clinical condition. The placing of the bedding in the kennel should allow the animal to lie unrestricted.

4.	Appropriate heating/cooling is selected and supplied. Selection of means of heating/cooling should be based on the criteria above also the clinical condition of the animal. Where appropriate the candidate should request information from the assessor as to the clinical condition. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the heat source for the animal. Hot water bottles should be covered, electrical devices should be placed to avoid animal interference with the power supply.

5.	Any additional basic care equipment required in the kennel is provided and placed appropriately. This would include for cats, provision of a correctly prepared litter tray, positioned to one side of the kennel. It could also include the provision of toys or nesting material for small mammals.

6.	Kennel record card is correctly completed and placed on the kennel. A copy of the information required is contained on the attached exemplar. It should be placed on the kennel so as to be clearly visible but located to prevent animal interference.

7.	Correct food and water requirements are determined by referring to the appropriate person. Determination of requirements for food and water should be based on the criteria above also the clinical condition of the animal. The candidate should request  information from the person in charge of the animal’s welfare regarding the requirements.

8.	Appropriate food and water receptacles are located. These should be correct for the animal concerned, the food to be provided and the animal’s clinical condition.

9.	Time of required feeding is ascertained. By reference to the appropriate person or as appropriate in the daily routine.

10.	At correct time, food and water are prepared as directed and supplied to the animal. Food is located, checked as being fresh and appropriate for the patient. The amount of food required is calculated on a weight basis. The food is prepared with proper attention to hygiene. The correct amount of water is provided for the food supplied and the condition of the animal. Supply of food should include the placing of the dishes within reach of the animal in its kennel.

11.	The kennel record card is correctly completed for these procedures.

PRACTICAL TASK 3:	Bath hospitalised animals.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Candidate collects all the required equipment to bath the patient.

2.	Bath is correctly prepared to prevent injury to candidate or animal.

3.	Candidate puts on correct protective clothing.

4.	Correct animal is located and removed from its kennel with due regard for health and safety of both the animal and the candidate.

5.	Animal’s coat is checked for mattes and any found are dealt with appropriately.

6.	Animal is placed in the bath, and the coat is wet using water at the correct temperature.

7.	Shampoo is applied to the required areas as directed.

8.	Shampoo is rinsed from the coat as appropriate.

9.	Animal is checked to ensure rinsing has been adequate.

10.	Animal is “drained” to remove surplus water, ear protection is removed.

11.	Animal is removed from the bath with due regard for the Health & Safety of both the animal and the candidate.

12.	Animal is dried appropriately.

13.	Routine grooming is carried out.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Candidate collects all the required equipment to bath the patient. This should include towels, shampoo, restraining aids if necessary.

2.	Bath is correctly prepared to prevent injury to candidate or animal. Non slip device should be placed on the bottom of the bath if appropriate. Candidate should check the requirements of the particular shampoo which has been prescribed.

3.	Candidate puts on correct protective clothing. Depending on shampoo rubber gloves should be put on. A rubber/plastic apron or equivalent would be essential and Wellington boots useful.

4.	Correct animal is located and removed from its kennel with due regard for health and safety of both the animal and the candidate. Animal should be approached confidently and either restrained using a collar and lead or placed carefully in a carrying basket.

5.	Animal’s coat is checked for mattes and any found are dealt with appropriately. Coat is brushed and combed to remove mattes. Any mattes which it is not possible to comb out should be cut off using curved blunt ended scissors.

6.	Animal is placed in the bath and the coat is wet using water at the correct temperature. Temperature should be adjusted before the water comes into contact with the animal.

7.	Shampoo is applied to the required areas as directed. Care should be taken to ensure that no shampoo enters the eyes. It may be appropriate to apply a bland eye ointment to prevent this. Shampoo should be lathered/worked into the coat as necessary. It should be left for the recommended period of time.

8.	Shampoo is rinsed from the coat as appropriate. When rinsing the candidate should ensure that the rinsing water does not wash shampoo into the eyes. they should ensure that all shampoo is removed as directed.

9.	Animal is checked to ensure rinsing has been adequate.

10.	Animal is “drained” to remove surplus water. This is to ensure that some of the wet is removed from the coat.

11.	Animal is removed from the bath with due regard for the health and safety of both the 
animal and the candidate. Area around the bath should be checked to ensure there are no obstacles and no possibility of escape. Animal should be lifted in the correct manner form the bath.

12.	Animal is dried appropriately. This may involve towels or alternatively a hairdryer.

13.	Routine grooming is carried out. Student should choose appropriate brushes and combs and remove all mattes from the coat.
PRACTICAL TASK 4:	Care of the recumbent patient.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Areas which may cause concern in recumbent patients are checked.

2.	Measures to prevent development of problems are undertaken.

3.	Application of treatment if required is demonstrated.

4.	Animal is lifted correctly & placed in the kennel correctly, it should be able to see out but be accessible for management.

5.	Food & water are placed within reach of animal.

6.	Animal record card is completed and attached to kennel.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Areas which may cause concern in recumbent patients are checked.  Include, the point of elbow, point of hock, greater trochanter of the femur, mandibular symphysis for ulceration. The anus, perennial area and prepucial area for soiling with urine & faeces, other areas for soiling with food /blood/vomit.
Areas to be checked for muscle wastage include the temporal muscles and gluteal muscles; muscle tone should be assessed in the limb muscles.
Respiration should be observed and recorded.

2.	Measures to prevent development of problems in recumbency. Preventative measures should include the provision of adequate bedding e.g. foam beds, vet beds, incontinence pads. Turning the patient every 2 - 4 hours, padding of problem areas e.g. point of elbow, and physiotherapy to increase blood supply. Prevention of soiling could include clipping the rear quarters of the animal, insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter and the use of barrier creams.  Cleaning and drying of the animal immediately after urination/defaecation and provision of clean and dry bedding.
Prevention of hypostatic pneumonia should include turning the animal every 2-4 hours. The possible use of coupage should be considered as a preventative measure.
Muscle wastage should be prevented by allowing the animal mild exercise whenever possible, supported if necessary. The use of passive movement physiotherapy should be considered.

3.	Application of treatment if required is demonstrated. Application of treatment is demonstrated using the suggested appropriate treatments/measures listed above.  

4.	Animal is lifted correctly & placed in the kennel correctly. This should take into account the condition and size of the animal, it should be placed so that the animal is able to see out of the kennel and the nurse can observe the patient in the kennel. The kennel should be large enough to restrict movement if necessary but to allow the nurse access. Consideration should be given to the provision of heating & lighting.

5.	Food and water should be in appropriate containers and placed within reach of animal.

6.	Student should be aware of the parameters which require to be checked in a recumbent animal and how often/how these should be recorded. They should be aware of when it is necessary to report to a veterinary surgeon on the condition of a recumbent animal.

Module number:		9

Title:				First aid.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Perform an emergency examination (emergency protocol).

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Ascertain the cause of the present condition.

2.	Ascertain the status of: mucous membranes, pulse, respiration, and reflexes.

3.	According to the emergency status an emergency treatment plan is decided.

4.	Prepare for further history or treatment.

TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Ascertain the cause of the present emergency condition. Ascertain what has happened, where  and when, whether there traumatic cause, intoxication or an existing disease. This should be very short with respect to the emergency of the situation.

2.	Ascertain the status of: mucous membranes, pulse, respiration and reflexes. Mucous membranes: the capillary refill time and colour is checked. The frequency, quality, regularity, equality and filling of the pulse is ascertained. The type and frequency of respiration is examined. The reflexes are tested by reaction on external stimuli, behaviour, eye reflex and size of the pupil. 

3.	According to the emergency status an emergency treatment plan is decided. Reference should be made to the veterinary surgeon for advice. The emergency treatment is decided and performed.

4.	Prepare for further history or treatment. The results of the emergency examination as well as any other irregularities are reported to the veterinary surgeon.
 PRACTICAL TASK 2:		Perform emergency treatment.

STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	Circulation is assured and proper measures undertaken to maintain it.

2.	Respiration is assured and proper measures undertaken to maintain it.

3.	Arterial bleeding is stopped.

4.	Shock is recognised.

5.	Abnormalities are reported.

TEACHER'S SHEET

1.	Circulation is assured and proper measures undertaken to maintain it. The student is able to ascertain the quality of the circulation. The student can detect a ceased heart function and can demonstrate a heart resuscitation.

2.	Respiration is assured and proper measures undertaken to maintain it. The student is able to ascertain the quality of the respiration. The student can detect whether measures should be undertaken to improve the quality of respiration, paying attention to the following:
- collar is removed
- mouth is carefully opened and the tongue is stretched out to inspect the visible airways
- if necessary obstructions are removed
- the animal is kept quiet
- in case of unconsciousness the neck and head is stretched to ease respiration.
If respiration has stopped artificial respiration is adequately applied. The student can demonstrate at least two methods of artificial respiration. Attention should be paid that the artificial respiration is performed on a solid surface.
The student must pay attention to safety-aspects.

3.	Arterial bleeding is stopped. The different pressure points and the way to apply this pressure is demonstrated.

4.	Shock is recognised. Shock is recognised in the animal and measures are taken to stabilise the condition (keeping the animal warm).

5.  	Abnormalities are recognised and reported to the veterinary surgeon.

PRACTICAL TASK 3:	First aid treatment of fractures.

STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	The animal is handled with appropriate caution to prevent excess pain and damage.

2.	The animal is correctly muzzled for the safety of the nurse.

3.	If necessary open wounds are covered with sterile bandage.

4.	Soft hydrophilic bandage is applied.

5.	Choose the right splints or casting paying attention to the shape and size.

6.	Apply the splint bandage or cast in the appropriate way.
TEACHER'S SHEET

1.	The animal is handled with appropriate caution to prevent excess pain and damage. The fractured site is not moved unless necessary. The animal is kept quiet.

2.	The animal is correctly muzzled for the safety of the nurse. A muzzle of the right size is used in case the animal is conscious.

3.	If necessary open wounds are covered with sterile bandage.

4.	Soft and thick hydrophilic bandage is applied, e.g. cotton wool bandage in one piece. Special attention should be paid to the amount of bandage. Too much will cause the cast to move, causing an inadequate immobilisation, where too less will cause pressure sores, especially at the joints.

5.	Proper splint or casting bandage can be chosen by paying attention to the shape and size. The splints should fit the fractured site well.

6.	Apply the splint bandage or cast in the appropriate way. The fractured site should be immobilised well enough, as well as the two adjacent joints. The students has to ensure the bandage is not be too tight, causing circulation problems. Immobilisation has to be tight enough to keep the fractured site immobile even when the animal is becoming active again.
PRACTICAL TASK 4:	Apply basic haemorrhage control procedures.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The type of bleeding is recognised.

2.	Proper measures are taken to prevent shock.

3.	A pressure bandage is applied correctly.

4.	Emergency treatment is given in case of arterial bleeding.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The type of bleeding is recognised. The student can recognise the difference between arterial bleeding, venous bleeding, capillary bleeding and a combined bleeding, based on the colour and the current of the bleeding. Emergency conditions, like shock or risk for shock or unconsciousness through blood loss, can be recognised and the appropriate measures are taken to stabilise in the way as described below.

2.	Proper measures are taken to prevent shock. The patient is kept warm.

3.	A pressure bandage is applied correctly. The cause of the bleeding is removed if applicable. Pressure bandage is chosen according to the type of bleeding. Pressure bandage is chosen only in case of non arterial bleeding. The wound is covered with a sterile gauze first and followed by a firm bandaging. The circulation is checked afterwards and the owner is asked to check it a few times again at home, in case of an out-patient. 

4.	Emergency treatment is given in case of arterial bleeding. A tourniquet is properly applied if applicable and tightened until the bleeding stops. Immediate action is undertaken to bring the animal under veterinary surgery. The tourniquet is removed again after a maximum of 15 minutes. Pressure point technique is applied if appropriate, using the correct pressure points (a. brachialis, a. femoralis, a. coccigea).
PRACTICAL TASK 5:	Apply a simple bandage.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The proper bandage is chosen knowing the type of injury.

2.	The area around the site to be bandaged is properly prepared. 

3.	Bandage is applied correctly on a paw, a tail or head/ear. 

4.	Support bandage is properly applied.
5.	The owner is advised correctly about bandage inspection.
	
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The proper bandage is chosen knowing the type of injury. The chosen bandage has the right measurements and quality aspects. Sterile bandage is chosen where appropriate and handled without breaking sterility.

2.	The area around the site to be bandaged is properly prepared. Wounds are disinfected if appropriate. Hair is cut around the wound area, if appropriate.

3.	Bandage is applied correctly on a paw, tail or head/ear. The method of bandaging is subject to the site of the injury and the type of injury. The bandage should be even and straight. The angles in which body parts are bandaged should be in normal position. The specific requirements are taken into account for bandaging a paw, a tail or an ear/head. 
For a paw: cotton wool is applied between the toes.
For a tail: hairs are integrated in the bandage for fixation of the bandage.
For an ear/head bandage:  The ear laid smoothly against the skull. Care for the neck area.

4.	Support bandage is properly applied. Attention should be paid to ensure the support bandage is not touching the wound area. 
 5.	The owner is advised about bandage inspection. Situations are recognised where swelling could cause the extremities lacking blood supply. Advise is given about the inspection of the circulation and signs indicating blood supply shut off and keeping the bandage clean and dry. Advise is given on the necessity of making an appointment  for re-application of the bandage.

PRACTICAL TASK 6:	Provide advice on basic first aid conditions.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	In a telephone conversation the caller is calmed down.

2.	Student can ask questions to familiarise with the problem.

3.	Emergency situations are recognised in a telephone conversation.

4.	The correct emergency measures are advised.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	In a telephone conversation the caller is calmed down. The owner is calmed down to a level where a conversation is possible and questions are answered clearly.

2.	Student can ask questions to familiarise with the problem. The questions asked should direct the answers to indicate the urgency of the problem.

3.	Emergency situations are recognised in a telephone conversation. The following conditions should be recognised and considered emergent: unconsciousness and the cause of it, convulsions, severe bleeding, burns, poisoning, eye prolaps, fractures, hyper/hypo glycemia, insect bites, snake bites, birth problems. Details should be ascertained by asking specific questions. Priorities are recognised.

4.	The correct emergency measures are advised. Knowing the situation, adequate advise is given to prevent worsening of the condition of the animal. The advised measures should be easy to carry out for anybody with the available help. The response of the student should be calming for the owner of the animal. In most circumstances the advice will be to bring the animal immediately to the veterinary surgery. Advice on transportation should be given.
Module number:		10

Title:				Diagnostic procedures.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Radiographic Safety.

STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	The dangers associated with ionising radiation are explained.

2.	The role of the legislation’s concerning radiographic safety is explained.

3.	The location and boundaries of a controlled area and designated area are indicated

4.	Methods of storing and checking safety clothing are demonstrated.

5.	Safety clothing is selected and put on.

6.	The purposes and function of film badge monitors are explained and the most suitable places to wear them are indicated.

7.	Radiation warning symbols and warning signs are recognised and their meanings explained.

8.	Warning light systems are operated.

9.	Methods of reducing danger from scatter are briefly explained.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The dangers associated with ionising radiation are explained. Dangers must include adverse effects on body tissue, carcinogenic and genetic mutating properties.  Also the fact that the effect of X radiation is cumulative.

2.	The role of the legislation’s concerning radiographic safety is explained. Reference must be made to the different responsibilities of each person.

3.	The location and boundaries of a controlled area and designated area are indicated. The controlled area is correctly identified (this should normally be indicated as being the whole X-ray room unless the actually area has been clearly defined).

4.	Methods of storing and checking safety clothing are demonstrated Aprons are hung on hangers and gloves placed on special racks or stored flat.  Protective clothing is visually inspected for cracks.  In the case of gloves particular attention is paid to the area at the base of the fingers

5.	Safety clothing is selected and put on. Appropriate clothing is selected and put on in such a way as to provide maximum protection.

6.	The purposes and function of film badge monitors are explained and the most suitable places to wear them are indicated. Film badge monitors record the cumulative exposure to radiation over a specific period of time. Change intervals are stated. Person responsible for ensuring that the monitors are changed is identified It is normally recommended that they are worn at waist height in order to record any radiation to which genitalia may have been exposed.  However some schools of thought state that they should be worn at shoulder height in order to prevent them being covered by lead aprons.

7.	Radiation warning symbols are recognised and their meanings explained Radiation and controlled area signs are recognised and explained.

8.	Warning light systems are operated. Warning lights are checked to ensure that they are functioning.

9.	Methods of reducing danger from scatter are briefly explained. Protective equipment and clothing must be referred to and identified. Grids should be referred to and identified.
 PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Assist the veterinary surgeon in making a x-ray.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	Protective clothing is put on correctly.
  
2.	The cassette with film is positioned correctly.

3.	The kV and mAs are changed correctly when asked by the veterinary surgeon.

4.	The animal is positioned correctly.

5.	The light beam diaphragm is adjusted correctly.

6.	The distance between the primary beam and the student is as great as possible.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	Protective clothing is put on correctly. A lead coat is put on, as well as lead gloves. If available, lead thyroid protectors are put on.
  
2.	The cassette with film is positioned correctly. The cassette is positioned in regard with the organ which is going to be radiographed. The cassette is placed either on top of the table or under a grid, depending on the type of animal and the organ which is going to be radiographed.

3.	The kV and mAs are changed correctly when asked by the veterinary surgeon. The right switches are located on the machine and the exposure changed correctly.

4.	The animal is positioned correctly. The animal is positioned in regard with the area which is going to be radiographed. Legs are positioned correctly. The animal is positioned in a way to avoid movement.

5.	The light beam diaphragm is adjusted correctly. The light beam is coned down to focus on the area concerned and to reduce the possibility of scatter.

6.	The distance between the primary beam and the student is as great as possible. The gloves of the student are not exposed to the primary beam. The body of the student should be as far away from the primary beam as possible.
PRACTICAL TASK 3:	Develop a x-ray manually.

STUDENT’S SHEET

1.	The right measures are taken to prevent light from damaging the x-ray.

2.	The film is taken out of the cassette and put into a frame correctly.

3.	The film is developed manually in a correct way.

4.	Developing errors are recognised.
TEACHER’S SHEET

1.	The right measures are taken to prevent light from damaging the x-ray. The dark room is locked. The lights are turned off, red lights are turned on.

2.	The film is taken out of the cassette and put into a frame correctly. The film should be firmly fastened in the frame. A new film is put into the cassette. The cassette is closed firmly.

3.	The film is developed manually in a correct way. Chemicals are checked to ensure they are at the correct temperature. The frame is hung into the developer after stirring it lightly and taken out after the right amount of time. The frame is put into a washing basin to wash off the developing fluid sufficiently. After this the frame is put into the fixating fluid after stirring it lightly and taken out after the right amount of time. The frame is again put into a washing basin to wash off the fixating fluid sufficiently. The frame is hung somewhere for the film to dry.

4.	Developing errors are recognised. If the x-ray is of poor quality due to developing mistakes, this is recognised.
Module number:		11

Title:				Structure of the profession and ethics.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Administer counselling.

 STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	The client's emotional state and circumstances are accurately assessed.

2.	Comfort and counselling are delivered to clients.

3.	Comfort and counselling are delivered with empathy and respect.

4.	Clients are allowed to spend as much time as they require with the body of their animal.

5.	Clients are advised about the possible benefits of replacing a deceased animal as soon as possible.

6.	Advice is given regarding the most suitable source of a replacement animal.
TEACHER'S SHEET

1.	The client's emotional state and circumstances are accurately assessed by observation of their body language as well as the more obvious outward emotional signs of grief

2.	Comfort and counselling are delivered to clients suffering grief, and anxiety due to the loss, injury, or ill health of an animal. The counselling is appropriate to their needs and the type of loss.

3.	Comfort and counselling are delivered with empathy and respect.

4.	In the case of animals which are euthanised or die in the veterinary practice, clients are allowed to spend as much time as they require with the body of their animal.

5.	Clients are advised about the possible benefits of replacing a deceased animal as soon as possible.

6.	When the clients decide to obtain another animal, advice is given regarding the most suitable animal and the sources from which one could be obtained.  Rescue centres are recommended.
Module number:		12

Title:				Occupational hazards, health and safety, care of equipment.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Hazard Assessment.

STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	Risks of injury from animals are recognised and precautions taken to minimise them are implemented.

2.	The hazards involved in using anaesthesia equipment are recognised and the precautions required in order to minimise them are explained.

3.	The potential risks from zoonotic diseases are understood and precautions taken in order to minimise them.

4.	Fire hazards are recognised and the appropriate precautions taken in order to minimise them.

5.	The dangers associated with the use of electrical equipment are recognised and precautions are taken in order to minimise them.

6.	Security systems and procedures are employed in order to reduce the risk of acts of aggression from the public.

7.	The risks of catching diseases from animals and other workers other workers are stated and the most important disease, against which vaccination is recommended for those working in the veterinary profession and animal care industry, is named.
TEACHER'S SHEET

1.	Risks of injury from animals are recognised and precautions taken to minimise them are implemented. Animals are restrained correctly using two people when necessary.  Aggressive animals are handled with additional care and sedated if necessary. Animals are housed correctly whilst being retained in the practice.

2.	The hazards involved in using anaesthesia equipment are recognised and the precautions required in order to minimise them are explained. Appropriate ventilation of the environment is maintained. Gas leaks are prevented by routine maintenance of the anaesthetic machine.

3.	The potential risks from zoonotic diseases are understood and precautions taken in order to minimise them.
High standards of personal hygiene are maintained at all times. Unnecessary contact with animals which are carrying zoonotic diseases is avoided.

4.	Fire hazards are recognised and the appropriate precautions taken in order to minimise them.
Potential sources of accidental fire are recognised e.g. animal cage heaters and naked lights.

5.	The dangers associated with the use of electrical equipment are recognised and precautions are taken in order to minimise them. Damaged equipment is identified. Old or damaged cables are identified. Overloaded sockets and circuits are recognised.
Instances where water/moisture could cause stray currents are identified.

6.	Security systems and procedures are employed in order to reduce the risk of acts of aggression from the public.
External doors are locked when necessary.
Intruder alarms are set at the appropriate times.

7.	The risks of catching diseases from animals are stated.
In addition to those which may be caught from dogs and cats examples should include salmonella from reptiles.
The main disease against which vaccination is recommended for those working in the veterinary profession and animal care industry is identified as tetanus.
PRACTICAL TASK 2:	Master the Instructions of Fire Fighting Equipment.

STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	Various types of fire extinguisher are recognised and their method of operation explained.

2.	Fire blankets and sand buckets are recognised and their use explained and demonstrated.

3.	Fire hoses are recognised and their method of operation explained and demonstrated.
TEACHER'S SHEET

1.	Various types of fire extinguisher are recognised and their method of operation explained. The circumstances under which various fire extinguishers should be used (electrical fires, fabric fires etc.) are explained. The method of operating each type of extinguisher is explained. Basic fire fighting procedures are explained.

2.	Fire blankets and sand buckets are recognised and their use explained and demonstrated. Use of a blanket and sand bucket is demonstrated on a simulated fire. Blanket must be applied in such a manner that avoids additional personal risk but at the same time it effectively smothers the fire by excluding air.

3.	Fire hoses are recognised and their method of operation explained and demonstrated The location of fire hose points are located and the method of operating a fire hose is demonstrated.
PRACTICAL TASK 3:	Carry out waste storage and disposal suitable for clinical waste and cadavers.

STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	Cadavers are disposed of in the appropriate manner.

2.	Body fluids and faeces are disposed of in the appropriate manner.

3.	Used dressings and bandages are disposed of in the appropriate manner.

4.	Used disposable syringes are disposed of in the appropriate manner.

5.	Sharps (needles, glass) are disposed of in the appropriate manner.

6.	Drugs are disposed of in the appropriate manner.

TEACHER'S SHEET

1.	Cadavers:
a.	Collars etc. are removed from the cadaver.
b.	Cadaver is placed in to a heavy duty black polythene which is tied at the neck.
c.	Cadaver is placed in a suitable refrigerated unit or freezer and a suitable temperature selected.
d.	The collection system used for cadaver disposal is described.

2.	Body fluids and faeces are disposed of according to the regulations of the country of employment.

3.	Used dressings and bandages are disposed of according to the regulations of the country of employment.

4.	Used disposable syringes are disposed of according to the regulations of the country of employment.

5.	Sharps (needles and glass) are disposed of in commercially available sharps containers or in other specific waste containers and their delivery  and collection system explained.

6.	Drugs are disposed of according to the regulations of the country of employment.

Module number:		13

Title:				Medical nursing and pathology.

PRACTICAL TASK 1:	Advise the owner about disorders including: parasitic and viral diseases; disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract, the eye and the skin.

STUDENT'S SHEET

1.	Correct and complete advise is given to the owner about parasitic disorders.

2.	Correct and complete advise is given to the owner about infectious diseases.

3.	Correct and complete advise is given to the owner about disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract.

TEACHER'S SHEET

1.	Correct and complete advise is given to the owner about parasitic disorders. The correct parasite is identified from the history of the owner. Explanation is given about the type of parasite (both endo- and ectoparasites), the life cycle of the parasite and the contagious periods. Advice is given on hygienic measures in home and about an eradication program. If necessary, warning for zoonoses is given. The effect of the therapy can be explained and advise is given about the application of the therapeutic.

2.	Correct and complete advice is given to the owner about infectious diseases. The effects and cause of the disorder can be explained and advice can be given about therapy (after diagnosis by the veterinary surgeon). The owner is advised on hygienic measures such as disinfection, contamination and the danger of possible zoonoses and preventive measures such as vaccination.

Correct and complete advice is given to the owner about non-viral disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract. Advice is given about dietary measurements and about administration of the prescribed medicines. A clear explanation is given about situation in which it is necessary for the owner to contact the veterinary practice.

ANNEX 1: VETNNET MEMBERS’ ADDRESSES
VETNNET addresses

Institute and contact person	Address	Telephone		
Edinburgh’s Telford College
Jan Boyle 
Gill Simpson	Crewe Toll
Edinburgh
EH4 2NZ
United Kingdom	0044 131 332 2491	0044 131 343 1218	
Dorthe Pittermann	Schwarzbachstrasse 33
D 40625 Dusseldorf
Deutschland	0049 211 282766		
VEDIAS
Ans Fraas
Elly Hoevenaars	Schaepmanstraat 121
6702 AS Wageningen
The Netherlands	0031 317 419101	0031 317 419101	
Groenhorst College
Douwe Algra
Alida Moene	Barnseweg 3
NL- 3771 RN Barneveld
The Netherlands	0031 342 455500	0031 342 455590	
German Vet. Nurse Ass.
Barbara Johnson	Mittelstrasse 28 a
D- 52072 Aachen
Deutschland	0049 241 175187	0049 241 175187	
Kolding Tekniske Skole
Tom Jensen	Vranderupvej 90
Dk-6000 Kolding
Denmark	0045 793 202 90	0045 793 20236	
L’Institute Bonaparte
Georges Benoliel	71 rue Archereau
F- 	75019 Paris
France	0033 1 44898700	0033140345847	
Berkshire College of Agriculture
Simon Johnston	Hall Place
Burchetts Green
Maidenhead
Berkshire SL6 6QR
United Kingdom	0044 1628 824444	0044 1628 824695	
Inga Neuhauser	Im Eickhof 5 a
D- 30989 Giehrden
Deutschland	0049 05137	0049 93274	
ICAVA
Michael Woods	Primrose Hill Veterinary Surgery
Tivoli road
Dun Llaoghaire
Co Dublin 4
Ireland	00353 1 280 3303	00353 1 2303095	
Irish veterinary nurses assoc.	Veterinary College
Shellbourne road
Ballsbridge
Dublin 4
Ireland	00353 1 88646671	00353 1 2851526	
Helsinki University
Nina Joenpolvi	Faculty of veterinary medicine
PL 57 Hameenti 57
00014 Helsinki University
Finland	00358 9 7084 9606	00358 9 7084 9670	
Peltosalmi Rural institute	Kotikylantie 254
74100 Ilsalmi
Finland	00358 17 768260	00358 17 7682711	
BSAVA
Harvey Locke, Hon. Secretary	Kingsley House
Church Lane
Shurdington
Cheltenham
Gloucestershire GL 51 5TQ
United Kingdom			
Danish Veterinary Association
Jorn Lind	The spesialist committee on education of veterinary nurses 
Rosenlund Alle 8
2720 Vanlose 
Denmark	0045 378 1088	0045 387 10322	
Danish Veterinary Nurse Association
Lis Stage	Strandboulevarden 103
2100 Copenhagen
Denmark	0045 352 65878		
CNFA/SNVEL
Mark Verneuil	Bd de la republique
Aix en Provence 13
France	0033 4 2936330	0033 4 42936340	
College of Animal Welfare
Barbara Cooper	Kings Bush Farm
London road
Godmanchester
Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire
PE18 8LJ 
United Kingdom	0044 1480 831177	0044 1480 831291